Electrolytes Flashcards
Electrolytes for Volume and Osmolality
Na
Cl
K
Electrolyte for Myocardial Rhythm and Contractility
Na
Ca
Mg
Cofactors
Mg
Ca
Zn
Acid Base Balance
K
Cl
HCO3
Blood Coagulation
Ca
Mg
Neuromuscular excitability
K
Ca
Mg
Anions (-) are _________ charge that migrates toward the _________
Negatively charge; Anode (+ electrical field)
Cations are __________ charge that migrates toward the __________
Positively charge; Cathode (- electrical field)
Based on the concentration of solutes
Osmolality
Colligative Properties of Osmolality
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Osmotic Pressure
Vapor Pressure
Increase Osmolality: Increase ___________, _________
Increase Boiling point; Increase Osmotic Pressure
Increase Osmolality: Decrease __________, _________
Decrease Freezing Point; Decrease Vapor Pressure
A _________ increase in osmolality causes a ___________ increase of ADH
A 1-2% increase in osmolality causes a fourfold increase of ADH
A 1-2% decrease in osmolality, ________ the release of ADH
A 1-2% decrease in osmolality, inhibits/shuts down the release of ADH
Other name for ADH
AVP - Arginine Vasopressin Hormone
AVP increases the reabsorption of ________ that acts on the ___________ of the kidneys
AVP increases the reabsorption of water that acts on the collecting duct of the kidneys
Deficit in water will increase _____________
plasma osmolality
______is the major defense against Hyperosmolality and Hypernatremia
Thirst
Maintains Blood Pressure and Blood Volume
Na & H2O
A system that responds to primarily to a decreased blood volume or pressure
RAAS - Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
Substance - Organ - Conversion/Effect
Renin: _______ = Angiotensinogen - Angiotensin I
_____: Lungs = ________________________
Aldosterone: _______ = Increase ____ reabsorption
____: Posterior Pituitary = Increase water reabsorption in Kidneys + ______ sensation
Renin: Kidneys (juxtaglomerular cells) = Angiotensinogen - Angiotensin I
ACE: Lungs = Angiotensin I - Angiotensin II
Aldosterone: Adrenal cortex = Increase K reabsorption
ADH: Posterior Pituitary = Increase water reabsorption in Kidneys + Thirst sensation
Major EXTRAcellular CATion (90%)
Na - Sodium
Major Function of Na
Osmolality
Osmolality Formula
2 (Sodium (mmol/L) + Glucose mg/dL/18 + BUN/2.8
This diuretic promote or induces sodium and potassium loss without interfering ADH
Thiazide
Countercurrent ion of K
Na - sodium
Counterion of Cl
Na - Sodium
Major hormone that regulate sodium retention and potassium excretion
Aldosterone
Promote Natriuresis
ANP - Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Function of ANP
Inhibit RAAS
Promote Natriuresis
Anti Hypertensive agent
Critical values
Hypernatremia: __________
Hyponatremia: __________
Hypernatremia: >160 mmol/L
Hyponatremia: <120 mmol/L
Counterion of Na: _____
Countercurrent ion of Na: ____
Counterbalance of Na: ____
Counterion of Na: Cl
Countercurrent ion of Na: K
Counterbalance of Na: Cl
Most Routine Method of Electrolyte Measurement
Ion Selective Electrode
Membrane Electrode of Na
Glass Aluminum Silicate
FEP: Flame Color - Na+
Yellow
Colorimetric Method - Sodium
Albenese Lein
Cause of Hypernatremia
Diabetes Insipidus Diarrhea Severe Burns Excess water loss Decrease water intake
Cause of Hyponatremia
Diabetes Mellitus SIADH K deificiency Addisons disease Increased water intake Vomiting Diarrhea
Potassium is also know as __________
“Kalium”
Major INTRAcellular CATION
Potassium
Reabsorption of all K
PCT
Principal determinant of Potassium urinary excretion
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Part of the Nephron which secretion of K occurs regulated by aldosterone
DCT and CD
Hormone responsible for K excretion
Aldosterone
Causes of Hypokalemia
GI Loss - Vomiting, Diarrhea, Malabsorption Renal Tubular Acidosis Alkalosis Insulin Overdose Hyperaldestronism Hypomagnesemia Intestinal tumor Diuretics
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Type I DM Hypoaldosteronism - Addison's disease Acidosis Renal Insufficiency Leukemia - Chemotherapy Diuretics Oral - IV Replacement Hemolysis Thrombosis Prolonged Tourniquet application - Fist Clenching