NPNs Flashcards
NPNs are traditionally used to monitor ________________
Renal Function
NPN Concentration
Urea > AA > Uric acid > Creatinine > Creatinine > Ammonia
Major excretory product of PROTEIN CATABOLISM
Urea
Major ORGANIC solute in Urine
Urea
_____ of Urea is reabsorbed by passive in renal tubules
40%
First to increase in Renal Disease
Urea
Urea is used to evaluate:
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
- Renal Function
- Nitrogen Intake
- Hydration
Increase BUN: _________
Decrease BUN: _________
Increase BUN: Kidney Disease
*not excreted by Kidneys - Dehydration
Decrease BUN: Liver Disease
*synthesized in liver; do not produce
___________ refers to Increased NPNs or BUN (Laboratory Description) with no signs and symptoms
Azotemia
Refers to increased NPNs with SYMPTOMS
Uremia/Uremic Syndrome
Three Types of Azotemia
Pre-Renal: ______________ - Heart Problems
Renal: ____________ - Kidney Diseases
Post-Renal: Obstructed urine flow - ___________
Pre-Renal: Reduced blood flow - Heart Problems
Renal: Reduced Kidney function - Kidney Diseases
Post-Renal: Obstructed Urine Flow - Kidney Stones & Tumor
Analytical methods report urea in terms of ___________ concentration rather than urea concentration
Nitrogen concentration
Fearon Reaction
Diacetyl Monoxime Method
End Product: Fearon Reaction
Yellow Diazine Derivative
Most common method of Urea Determination
Couple Enzymatic Method
Coupled Enzymatic Method
Initial Step: ___________ - converts urea to ammonia
Secondary Reaction: ____________ - quantifies ammonium ions
1st reaction: Urease Method
2nd reaction: Glutamate Dehydrogenase
End product - Muscle Metabolism
Creatinine
Creatinine
Most common to monitor renal function
Creatinine is DIRECTLY proportional to ________, but INVERSE to _______________-
Direct Proportional - Muscle Mass
Inverse Proportional - Glomerular Filtration Rate
In Creatinine is increased: ____________
Low GFR (>50%)
Most Frequently used Methods to measure creatinine
Jaffe Reaction
Jaffe Reaction
Creatinine reacts with PICRIC ACID in an ALKALI Solution to form a RED-ORANGE CHROMOGEN
Adsorbent used to prevent interferences in Creatinine measurement
Fuller’s Earth
Lloyd’s Reagent