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Clinical Chemistry > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

All proteins are synthesized in the liver, and by hepatocyte, except _____________

A

Immunoglobulins

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2
Q

Plasma Proteins (Migration in Electrophoresis)

Pre-albumin
Albumin
a1-globulin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a2-globulin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
b-globulin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
y-globulin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Pre-albumin
Albumin
a1-globulin: a1-antitrypsin, a1-acid glycoprotein, a-fetoprotein, Group-specific component globulin, a1-antichymotrypsin
a2-globulin: a2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin
b-globulin: Transferrin, Hemopexin, b2-microglobulin, complement, Fibrinogen, Lipoproteins
y-globulin: Immunoglobulins, CRP

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3
Q

Prealbumin is also known as __________

A

Transthyretin

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4
Q

Used in Malnutrition Detection

A

Prealbumin

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5
Q

Albumin is a ______ acute phase reactant and a _______ transport protein.

A

Negative Acute Phase Reactant

General Transport Medium

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6
Q

Prognostic Marker for Cystic Fibrosis

A

Albumin

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7
Q

Presence of 2 bands in the albumin region

A

Bisalbuminemia

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8
Q

Major inhibitor of protease activity (protease neutrophil elastase)

A

a1-antitrypsin

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9
Q

Deficiency of a1-antitrypsin causes damage in alveoli that results to ___________________

A

Emphysema or Emphysematous pulmonary Disease

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10
Q

Most Abundant in Fetal Serum

A

AFP

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11
Q

AFP can be detectable in maternal blood up to ____ or ____ week.

A

7th or 8th week

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12
Q

Increased AFP in maternal blood can cause ________________ and _________________

A

Spina Bifida

Neural Tube Defects

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13
Q

Tumor Marker for Hepatic (HCC) and Gonadal

A

Alpha fetoprotein

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14
Q

Exhibits affinity with Vitamin D and actin or Vitamin D binding protein

A

Group specific component Globulin

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15
Q

a1 antichymotrypsin binds and inactivates __________________ and is associated with ____________.

A

Inactivates PSA and is associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

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16
Q

Largest non-immunoglobulin in plasma

A

a2 macroglobulin

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17
Q

a2 macroglobulin is increased 10x in _______________

A

Nephrosis/Nephrotic Syndrome

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18
Q

Copper-binding protein and a marker for Wilson’s disease

A

Ceruloplasmin

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19
Q

Decreased ceruloplasmin is seen in _______________, and _____________

A

Wilson’s Disease

Menke’s kinky-hair

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20
Q

Condition with deposition of copper in skin, liver, brain and cornea (Kayser Fisher rings)

A

Wilsons Disease

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21
Q

Binds Free Hemoglobin in its alpha chain

A

Haptoglobin

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22
Q

Light chain component of HLA

A

B2 microglobulin

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23
Q

Transports Iron and prevent Iron Loss

A

Transferrin/Siderophilin

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24
Q

Binds Heme released by degradation of Hb

A

Hemopexin

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25
Q

Hemopexin detects for ____________

A

Early Hemolysis

26
Q

Long Term Marker for prognosis of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CHD)

A

Fibrinogen

27
Q

Highest complement protein in serum

A

C3

28
Q

General Scavenger Molecule and General Marker for Inflammation which binds to C polysaccharide of the pneumococcus

A

CRP

29
Q

Nonspecific marker for chest pain and early detection of acute myocardial infarction

A

Myoglobin

30
Q

Has greater cardiac specificity and highly specific for AMI

A

Troponin I

31
Q

Tropomyosin Subunit

A

Troponin T

32
Q

Diagnostic for Congestive Heart Failure

A

B Natriuretic Peptide

33
Q

Negative Acute Phase Reactants

A

Albumin

Transferrin

34
Q

Protein Structures

Primary: _________
Secondary: ________
Tertiary: _________
Quaternary: _________

A

Protein Structures

Primary: Linear Pattern
Secondary: Bend Form/Twisting Pattern
Tertiary: Folding Pattern
Quaternary: Large Complex

35
Q

Protein structure that is responsible for protein function

A

Tertiary Structure

36
Q

Only protein with no Quaternary Structure

A

Albumin

37
Q

Unaffected by protein denaturation

A

Primary Structure

38
Q

First to be affected by Protein denaturation

A

Tertiary Structure

39
Q

Determines the cause of Anemia

A

Transferrin

40
Q

List of Proteins that is NOT quantified by SPE

Mnemonics: CHACGc

A 
Ceruloplasmin
Hemopexin
Alpha-acid glycoprotein
CRP
Gc-globulin
41
Q

Specimen prepared for Protein Determination

A

Serum

42
Q

Protein in CSF is ____ compared to plasma protein

A

< 1%

43
Q

Aminoacidopathies
Disease: Enzyme defect

Phenylketonuria: _________
Tyrosinemia: ____________
Alkaptonuria: ___________
MSUD: ___________

A 
Phenylketonuria: Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Tyrosinemia: 
   Type I - Fumarylacetoacetate
   Type II - Tyrosine aminotransferase 
Alkaptonuria: Homogentisic acid oxidase
MSUD: a-keto acid decarboxylase
44
Q

Reference Method in Protein Determination

A

Kjeldahl Method

45
Q

Most widely used method

A

Biuret

46
Q

Method based on measurement of the Nitrogen content of protein.

A

Kjeldahl Method

47
Q

Method based on number of peptide bonds

A

Biuret

48
Q

Principle: Biuret Method

A

Formation of VIOLET COLORED CHELATE between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

49
Q

End color Product in Biuret Reaction

A

Violet

50
Q

Amino acid requires at least ______ hrs of fasting, in order to avoid the effect of absorbed amino acids from diet.

A

6 - 8 hrs

51
Q

Storage of Protein Sample

Month: ______
2 months: ______

A

Storage of Protein Sample

Month: 2C - 4C
2 months: - 20C

52
Q

Color Product in Folin-Lowry Method

A

Deep blue color

53
Q

_____________ is the most widely used method in albumin determination

A

Dye Binding

54
Q

Indication of small spikes in the B region

A

Iron deficiency anemia

55
Q

Abnormal SEP: Gamma Spike

A

Multiple Myeloma

56
Q

Abnormal SEP: B-y bridging

A

Hepatic Cirrhosis

57
Q

Abnormal SEP: a2 globulin spike

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

58
Q

Abnormal SEP: a1 globulin flat curve

A

a1 antitrypsin deficiency

59
Q

Abnormal SEP: a1, a2, B globulin spike

A

Inflammation

60
Q

Most specific dye that bind to ALBUMIN ONLY

A

Bromocresol Purple

61
Q

Most common Dye

A

Bromocresol Green

Clinical Chemistry (20 decks)

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