Toxic responses of the respiratory system

Question 1

which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the role of mucus in the conducting airways?

a. Pollutants trapped by mucus can be eliminated via expectoration or swallowing
b. Mucus is of a basic pH
c. The beating of cilia propels mucus out of the lungs
d. Mucus plays a role promoting oxidative stress.
e. Free radical scavenging is believed to be a role of mucus

Answer 1

d. Mucus plays a role promoting oxidative stress.

Question 2

Respiratory distress syndrome sometimes affects premature neonates due to lack of surfactant production by which of the following cell types?

a. lung fibroblasts
b. type II pneumocytes
c. endothelial cells
d. alveolar macrophages
e. type I pneumocytes

Answer 2

b. type II pneumocytes

Question 3

In a situation where there is an increased metabolic demand for oxygen, which of the following volume measurements will greatly increase?

a. total lung capacity (TLC)
b. residual volume (RV)
c. functional residual capacity (FRC)
d. tidal volume (TV)
e. vital capacity (VC)

Answer 3

d. tidal volume (TV)

Question 4

The free radicals that inflict oxidative damage on the lungs are generated by all of the following EXCEPT:

a. tobacco smoke
b. neutrophils
c. ozone
d. monocytes
e. SO2

Answer 4

e. SO2

Question 5

Which of the following gases would most likely pass all the way through the respiratory tract and diffuse into the pulmonary blood supply

a. O3 (Ozone)
b. NO2
c. H2O
d. CO
e. SO2

Answer 5

d. CO

Question 6

All the following statements regarding particle deposition and clearance are true EXCEPT:

a. One of the main modes of particle clearance is via mucociliary escalation
b. Diffusion is important in the deposition of particles in the bronchial regions
c. Larger volumes of inspired air increase particle deposition in the airways
d. Sedimentation results in deposition in the bronchioles
e. Swallowing is an important mechanism of particle clearance

Answer 6

b. Diffusion is important in the deposition of particles in the bronchial regions

Question 7

Which of the following is not a common location to which particles are cleared?

a. stomach
b. Lymph nodes
c. pulmonary vasculature
d. liver
e. GI tract

Answer 7

d. liver

Question 8

Pulmonary fibrosis is marked by which of the following?

a. increased type I collagen
b. decreased type III collagen
c. increased compliance
d. elastase activation
e. decreased overall collagen levels

Answer 8

a. increased type I collagen

Question 9

Activation of what enzyme(s) is responsible for emphysema?

a. antitrypsin
b. epoxide hydrolase
c. elastase
d. hyaluronidase
e. nonspecific proteases

Answer 9

c. elastase

Question 10

Which of the following measurements would NOT be expected from a patient with restrictive lung disease?

a. decreased FRC (functional residual capacity)
b. decreased RV (resp volume)
c. increased VC (vital capacity)
d. decreased FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1)
e. impaired ventilation

Answer 10

c. increased VC