Toxic effects of terrestrial animal venoms and poisons Flashcards
which of the following statements regarding animal toxins is FALSE?
a. Animal venoms are strictly metabolized by the liver
b. The kidneys are responsible for the excretion of metabolized venom
c. Venoms can be absorbed by facilitated diffusion
d. Most venom fractions distribute unequally through-out the body
e. Venom receptor sites exhibit highly variable degrees of sensitivity
a. Animal venoms are strictly metabolized by the liver
Scorpion venoms do NOT:
a. affect potassium channels
b. affect sodium channels
c. affect chloride channels
d. affect calcium channels
e. affect initial depolarization of the action potential
d. affect calcium channels
which of the following statements regarding widow spiders is TRUE?
a. Widow spiders are exclusively found in tropical environments
b. Both male and female widow spiders bite and envenomate humans
c. The widow spider toxin decreases calcium concentration in the synaptic terminal
d. Alpha-Iatrotoxin stimulates increased exocytosis from nerve terminals
e. A severe alpha-latrotoxin envenomation can result in life-threatening hypotension.
d. Alpha-Iatrotoxin stimulates increased exocytosis from nerve terminals
which of the following diseases is not commonly caused by tick envenomation?
a. Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
b. Lyme disease
c. Q fever
d. ehrlichiosis
e. cat scratch fever
e. cat scratch fever
Which of the following is NOT characteristic Lepidoptera envenomation?
a. increased prothrombin time
b. decreased fibrinogen levels
c. decreased partial thromboplastin time
d. increased risk of hemorrhaging
e. decreased plasminogen levels
c. decreased partial thromboplastin time
A species of which of the following animals produces a venom that contains 60% formic acid?
a. snakes
b. lizards
c. ants
d. spiders
e. scorpions
c. ants
Which of the following animals has a venom containing histamine and mast cell-degranulating peptide that is known for causing hypersensitivity reactions?
a. bees
b. ants
c. snakes
d. spiders
e. reduviids
a. bees
Which of the following enzymes is not typically found in snake venoms?
a. hyaluronidase
b. lactate dehydrogenase
c. collagenase
d. phosphodiesterase
e. histamine
e. histamine
Which of the following statements regarding snakes is FALSE?
a. Inorganic anions are often found in snake venoms
b. About 20% of snake species are venomous
c. Snake venoms often interfere with blood coagulation mechanisms
d. Proteolytic enzymes are common constituants of snake venoms
e. Snakebite treatment is often specific for each type of envenomation
a. Inorganic anions are often found in snake venoms
The production of antivenoms requires neutralizing antibodies of which type?
a. IgA
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. IgE
e. IgD
b. IgG
