Toxic responses of nervous system Flashcards
Which of the following statements regarding axons &/or axonal transport is false?
a. Single nerve cells can be over 1 m in length
b. Fast axonal transport is responsible for the movement of proteins from the cell body to the axon
c. Anterograde transport is accomplished by the protein Kinesin
d. the motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, are associated with microtubules
e. A majority of the ATP in nerve cells is used for axonal transport
e. A majority of the ATP in nerve cells is used for axonal transport
Which of the following statements is not characteristic of Schwann cells in Wallerian degeneration
a. Schwann cells provide physical guidance needed for the regrowth of the axon
b. Schwann cells release trophic factors that stimulate growth
c. Schwann cells act to clear the myelin debris with the help of macrophages
d. Schwann cells increase synthesis of myelin lipids in response to axonal damage
e. Schwann cells are responsible for myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system
d. Schwann cells increase synthesis of myelin lipids in response to axonal damage
Prenatal exposure to ethanol can result in mental retardation and hearing deficits in the newborn. What is the cellular basis of the neurotoxicity?
a. neuronal loss in cerebellum
b. acute cortical hemorrhage
c. microcephaly
d. Loss of hippocampal neurons
e. degeneration of the basal ganglia
c. microcephaly
Which of the following characteristics is LEAST likely to place a neuron at risk of toxic damage?
a. high metabolic rate
b. ability to release neurotransmitters
c. long neuronal processes supported by soma
d. excitable membranes
e. large surface area
b. ability to release neurotransmitters
The use of meperidine contaminated with MPTP will result in Parkinson’s disease-like neurotoxicity. Where is the most likely site in the brain that MPTP exerts its toxic effects?
a. cerebellum
b. cerebral cortex
c. brainstem
d. substantia nigra
e. hippocampus
d. substantia nigra
Which of the following statements regarding the PNS and the CNS is TRUE?
a. Nerve impulse transduction is much faster in the CNS than in the PNS
b. PNS axons can regenerate, where as CNS axons cannot
c. Remyelination does not occur in the CNS
d. Oligodendrocytes perform remyelination in the PNS
e. In the CNS, oligodendrocyte scarring interferes with axonal regeneration
b. PNS axons can regenerate, where as CNS axons cannot
Platinum (cisplatin) results in which of the following neurologic problems?
a. peripheral neuropathy
b. trigeminal neuralgia
c. spasticity
d. gait ataxia
e. tremor
a. peripheral neuropathy
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of axonopathies?
a. There is degeneration of the axon
b. The cell body of the neuron remains intact
c. Axonopathies result from chemical transaction of the axon
d. A majority of axonal toxicants cause motor deficits
e. Sensory and motor deficits are first noticed in the hands and feet following axonal degeneration
d. A majority of axonal toxicants cause motor deficits
All of the following statements regarding lead exposure are true EXCEPT:
a. Lead exposure results in peripheral neuopathy
b. Lead slows peripheral nerve conduction in humans
c. Lead causes the transection of peripheral axons
d. Segmental demyelination is a common result of lead ingestion
e. Lead toxicity can result in anemia
c. Lead causes the transection of peripheral axons
Regarding excitatory amino acids, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Glutamate is the most common excitatory amino acid
b. Excitotoxicity has been linked to conditions such as epilepsy
c. Overconsumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) can result in a tingling or burning sensation in the face and neck
d. An ionotropic glutamate receptor is coupled to a G protein
e. Glutamate is toxic to neurons
d. An ionotropic glutamate receptor is coupled to a G protein
