Toxic effects of solvents and vapors Flashcards
Which of the following statements regarding solvents is FALSE?
a. Solvents can be absorbed from the GI tract and through the skin
b. Equilibration of absorbed solvents/vapors occurs most quickly in the lungs
c. Solvents are small molecules that lack charge
d. Volatility of solvents increases with molecular weight
e. Most solvents are refined from petroleum
d. Volatility of solvents increases with molecular weight
What is the route in which most solvents enter the environment?
a. chemical spills
b. contamination of drinking water
c. evaporation
d. improper waste disposal
e. wind
c. evaporation
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. Most solvents can pass freely through membranes by diffusion.
b. A solvent’s lipophilicity is important in determining its rate of dermal absorption.
c. Hydrophilic solvents have a relatively low blood : air partition coefficient
d. Biotransformation of a lipophilic solvent can result in the production of a mutagenic compound
e. Hepatic first-pass metabolism determines the amount of solvent absorbed in the GI tract
c. Hydrophilic solvents have a relatively low blood : air partition coefficient
Which of the following statements regarding age solvent toxicity is true?
a. GI absorption is greater in adults than it is in children
b. Polar solvents reach higher blood levels in the elderly than they do in children
c. Children are always more susceptible to solvent toxicity than are adults.
d. Increased alveolar ventilation increases uptake of lipid-soluble solvents to a greater extent than water-soluble solvents
e. Increased body fat percentage increases clearance of solvent chemicals.
b. Polar solvents reach higher blood levels in the elderly than they do in children
Huffing gasoline can result in which of the following serious health problems?
a. renal failure
b. pneumothorax
c. Hodgkin’s disease
d. encephalopathy
e. thrombocytopenia
d. encephalopathy
Which of the following statements regarding benzene is FALSE?
a. High-level exposure to benzene could result in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
b. Gasoline vapor emissions and auto exhaust are the two main contributors to benzene inhalation
c. Benzene is used as an ingredient in unleaded gasoline
d. Benzene metabolites covalently bind DNA, RNA and proteins and interfere with their normal functioning within the cell
e. Reactive oxygen species can be derived from benzene
b. Gasoline vapor emissions and auto exhaust are the two main contributors to benzene inhalation
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for fetal alcohol syndrome diagnosis?
a. maternal alcohol consumption during gestation
b. pre-and postnatal growth retardation
c. microcephaly
d. ocular toxicity
e. mental retardation
d. ocular toxicity
Which of the following is NOT an important enzyme in ethanol metabolism?
a. alcohol dehydrogenase
b. formaldehyde dehydrogenase
c. CYP2E1
d. catalase
e. acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
b. formaldehyde dehydrogenase
Which of the following is NOT associated with glycol ether toxicity?
a. irreversible spermatotoxicity
b. craniofacial malformations
c. hematoxicity
d. seminiferous tubule atrophy
e. cleft lip
a. irreversible spermatotoxicity
Which of the following statements regarding chlorinated hydrocarbons is FALSE?
a. Toxicities of trichloroethylene (TCE) are mediated mostly by reactive metabolites, not the parent compound
b. Glutathione conjugation is an important metabolic step of both trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC)
c. Many chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as degreasing agents
d. Chloroform interferes with intracellular calcium homeostasis
e. Carbon tetrachloride causes hepatocellular and kidney toxicity
d. Chloroform interferes with intracellular calcium homeostasis
