Toxic responses of the liver

Question 1

The impairment of hepatic function can have numerous negative consequences. Which of the following is likely NOT caused by impaired hepatic function?

a. jaundice
b. hypercholesterolemia
c. hyperammonemia
d. hyperglycemia
e. hypoalbuminemia

Answer 1

d. hyperglycemia

Question 2

All of the following statements regarding the liver are true EXCEPT:

a. The major role of the liver is to maintain metabolic homeostasis of the body
b. The liver encounters ingested nutrients before the hear does
c. Hepatic triads contain a branch of the hepatic portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery and a bile ductile
d. the liver manufactures and stores bile
e. The large fenestrae of hepatic sinusoids facilitate exchange of materials between the sinusoid and the hepatocyte

Answer 2

d. the liver manufactures and stores bile

Question 3

Activation of which of the following cell types can result in increased secretion of collagen scar tissue, leading to cirrhosis?

q. hepatocyte
b. ITO cell
c. Kupffer cell
d. endothelial cell
e. Beta cell

Answer 3

b. ITO cell

Question 4

Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the failure to export which of the following metals into bile?

a. iron
b. zinc
c. silver
d. lead
e. copper

Answer 4

e. copper

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of apoptosis?

a. cell swelling
b. nuclear fragmentation.
c. lack of inflammation
d. programmed death.
e. chromatin condensation

Answer 5

a. cell swelling

Question 6

A patient suffering from canalicular cholestasis would NOT be expected to exhibit which of the following?

a. increased bile salt serum levels
b. jaundice
c. increased bile formation
d. dark brown urine
e. vitamin A deficiency

Answer 6

c. increased bile formation

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding liver injury is FALSE?

a. Large doses of acetaminophen have been shown to cause a blockade of hepatic sinusoids.
b. Hydrophilic drugs readily diffuse into hepatocytes because of the large sinusoidal fenestrations
c. There are sinusoidal transporters that take toxins up into hepatocytes
d. Hepatocellular cancer has been associated with androgen abuse
e. In cirrhosis , excess collagen is laid down in response to direct injury or inflammation

Answer 7

b. Hydrophilic drugs readily diffuse into hepatocytes because of the large sinusoidal fenestrations

Question 8

The inheritance of a “slow” aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme would result in which of the following after the ingestion of ethanol?

a. high ethanol tolerance
b. little response to low doses of ethanol
c. low serum levels of acetaldehyde
d. nausea
e. increased levels of blood ethanol compared to an individual with a normal aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 8

d. nausea

Question 9

Which of the following is not a common mechanism of hepatocellular injury?

a. deformation of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton
b. mitochondrial injury
c. cholestasis
d. interference with vesicular transport
e. increased transcytosis between hepatocytes.

Answer 9

e. increased transcytosis between hepatocytes.

Question 10

Ethanol is not known to cause which of the following types of hepatobiliary injury?

a. fatty liver
b. hepatocyte death
c. fibrosis
d. immune-mediated responses
e. canalicular cholestasis

Answer 10

e. canalicular cholestasis