Air Pollution Flashcards
Which of the following compounds is not an oxidant-type air pollutant
a. NO2
b. SO2
c. O3
d. radical hydrocarbons
e. aldehydes
b. SO2 (it is a water-soluble irritant gas)
Which of the following pollutants contributes most to non-tobacco-smoking ling cancer
a. asbestos
b. vinyl chloride
c. benzene
d. Products of incomplete combustion
e. formaldehyde
d. Products of incomplete combustion
Inhalants such as NO2 and trichloroethylene can increase proliferation of opportunistic pathogens in the lungs by:
a. destroying goblet cells in the respiratory tract
b. damaging alveolar septa
c. inactivating cilia in the respiratory tract
d. killing alveolar macrophages
e. dampening the immune system
e. dampening the immune system
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of SO2 toxicology?
a. SO2 is a major reducing type air pollutant
b. Increased airflow increases the amount of SO2 inhaled
c. SO2 inhalation causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
d. SO2 is predominantly absorbed in the conducting airways
e. SO2 inhalation increases mucus secretion in humans
c. SO2 inhalation causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure
Which of the following would be MOST likely to occur on sulfuric acid exposure?
a. vasoconstriction
b. decreased mucus secretion
c. an anti-inflammatory response
d. vasodilation
e. bronchoconstriction
e. bronchoconstriction
All of the following statements regarding particulate matter are true EXCEPT:
a. Metals are most commonly released into the environment during oil and coal combustion
b. The interaction of gases and particles in the atmosphere can create a more toxic product than the gas or particle alone
c. solubility does not play a role in bioavailability of a metal.
d. the earth’s crust is an important source of atmospheric magnesium
e. Diesel exhaust contains reducing and oxidant type air pollutants.
c. solubility does not play a role in bioavailability of a metal.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Ozone (O3) combines with a nitric oxide radical to form NO2
b. O2 combines with an oxygen radical to form ozone
c. O3 can cause damage to the respiratory tract
d. Accumulation of O3 in the stratosphere is important for protection against UV radiation.
e. Cl2 gas is known to cause O2 degradation
d. Accumulation of O3 in the stratosphere is important for protection against UV radiation.
Which of the following is NOT a likely symptom of NO2 exposure?
a. increased secretion by Clara cells
b. pulmonary edema
c. shortness of breath
d. loss of ciliated cells in bronchioles
e. decreased immune response
a. increased secretion by Clara cells
Which of the following statements regarding aldehyde exposure is FALSE?
a. The major aldehyde pollutants are formaldehyde and acrolein
b. formaldehyde is found in tobacco smoke, but acrolein is not
c. Acrolein causes increased pulmonary flow resistance
d. Formaldehyde exposure induces bronchoconstriction
e. The water solubility of formaldehyde increases its nasopharyngeal absorption
b. formaldehyde is found in tobacco smoke, but acrolein is not
Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts its toxic effects via its interaction with which of the following ?
a. DNA polymerase
b. actin
c. kinesin
d. hemoglobin
e. microtubules
d. hemoglobin
