Toxic Responses of the blood Flashcards
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding true anemia?
a. Alterations of the mean corpuscular volume are characteristic of anemia
b. Increased destruction or erythrocytes can lead to anemia
c. Decreased production of erythrocytes is not a common cause of anemia because the bone marrow is continuously renewing the RBC pool
d. Reticulocytes will lice for a longer period of time in the peripheral blood when a person is anemic
e. The main parameters in diagnosing anemia are RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit
c. Decreased production of erythrocytes is not a common cause of anemia because the bone marrow is continuously renewing the RBC pool
Which of the following types of anemia is properly paired with its cause?
a. iron deficiency anemia- blood loss
b. sideroblastic anemia- vitamin B12 deficiency
c. megaloblastic anemia- folate supplementation
d. aplastic anemia- ethanol
e. megaloblastic anemia- lead poisoning
a. iron deficiency anemia- blood loss
The inability to synthesize the porphyrin ring of hemoglobin will most likely result in which of the following?
a. iron deficiency anemia
b. improper RBC mitosis
c. inability to synthesize thymidine
d. accumulation of iron within erythroblasts
e. bone marrow hypoplasia
d. accumulation of iron within erythroblasts
Which of the following will cause a right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?
a. increase pH
b. decreased CO2 concentration
c. decreased body temperature
d. increased 2,3-BPG concentration
e. fetal hemoglobin
d. increased 2,3-BPG concentration
All of the following statements regarding erythrocytes are true EXCEPT:
a. Aged erythrocytes are removed by the liver where the iron is recycled
b. Erythrocytes have a life span of approx 120 days
c. Red blood cells generally lose their nuclei before entering the circulation
d. Reticulocytes are immature RBC’s that still have a little RNA
e. Persons with anemia have a higher than normal reticulocyte: erythrocyte ratio
a. Aged erythrocytes are removed by the liver where the iron is recycled
All of the following statements regarding oxidative hemolysis are true EXCEPT:
a. Reactive oxygen species are commonly generated by RBC metabolism
b. Superoxide dismutase and catalase are enzymes that protect against oxidative damage
c. Reduced glutathione (GSH) increases the likelihood of oxidative injuries to RBC’s
d. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is commonly associated with oxidative hemolysis
e. xenobiotics can cause oxidative injury to RBC’s by overcoming the protective mechanisms of the cell
c. Reduced glutathione (GSH) increases the likelihood of oxidative injuries to RBC’s
Which of the following sets of leukocytes is properly characterized as granulocytes because of the appearance of cytoplasmic granules on a blood smear?
a. neutrophils, basophils and monocytes
b. basophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes
c. eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes
d. basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils
e. lymphocytes, neutrophils and basophils
d. basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. Xenobiotics can greatly slow down the proliferation of neutrophils and monocytes, increasing the risk of infection
b. Ethanol and cortisol decrease phagocytosis and microbe ingestion by the immune system
c. Agranulocytosis is predictable and can be caused by exposure to a number of environmental toxins.
d. Heroin and methadone abusers have reduced ability to kill microorganisms due to drug-induced reduction in superoxide production
e. Toxic neutropenia may be mediated by the immune system
c. Agranulocytosis is predictable and can be caused by exposure to a number of environmental toxins.
Leukemias:
a. are often due to cytogenic abnormalities, particularly damage to or loss of chromosomes 8 and 11
b. are rarely caused by agents used in cancer chemotherapy
c. originate in circulating blood cells
d. are characterized as “acute” if their effects are short-lived and severe.
e. have long been associated with exposure to x-ray radiation
e. have long been associated with exposure to x-ray radiation
Regarding platelets and thrombocytopenia, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Platelets can be removed from the circulation through a hapten-mediated pathway that is induced by drugs or chemicals
b. Cortisol decreases platelet activity by inhibiting thromboxane prostaglandin synthesis.
c. Toxins can induce a change in a platelet membrand glycoprotein, leading to recognition and removal of the platelet by phagocytes
d. heparin administration can result in platelet aggregation and cause thrombocytopenia
e. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is most commonly caused by infectious disease, but can also be associated with administration of pharmacologic agents
d. heparin administration can result in platelet aggregation and cause thrombocytopenia
