Risk assessment Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT important in hazard identification?
a. structure-activity analysis
b. in vitro tests
c. animal bioassays
d. susceptibility
e. epidemiology
d. susceptibility
The probability of an adverse outcome is defined as:
a. hazard
b. exposure ratio
c. risk
d. susceptibility
e. epidemiology
c. risk
The systemic scientific characterization of adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents is the definition of
a. risk
b. hazard control
c. risk assessment
d risk communication
e risk estimate
c. risk assessment
Which of the following is Not an objective of risk management
a. Starting target levels for risk
b. balancing risks and benefits
c. calculating lethal dosages
d. Setting priorities for manufacturers
e. estimating residual risks
c. calculating lethal dosages
Which of the following is NOT a feature in the design of standard cancer bioassays?
a. more than one species
b. other sexes
c. near lifetime exposure
d. approx. 50 animals per dose group
e. same dose level for all groups
e. same dose level for all groups
Which of the following types of epidemiologic study is always retrospective?
a. cohort
b. Cross-sectional
c. case-control
d. longitudinal
e. exploratory
c. case-control
which of the following is defined as the highest non-statistically significant dose tested?
a. ED 50
b. ED 100
c. NOAEL
d. ADI
e. COAEL
c. NOAEL
Which of the following represents the dose below which no additional increase in response is observed?
a. ED 10
b. LD 10
c. RfC
d threshold
e. significance level
d threshold
Which of the following is NOT needed to calculate the reference dose using the BMD method?
a. MF
b. percent benchmark response
c. NOAEL
d. UF
e. benchmark dose
c. NOAEL
Virtually safe doses are described at which confidence level?
a. 90%
b. 95%
c 99%
d 99.9%
e 99.99%
b. 95%
