TOPICS IN PSYCHOLOGY QUIZ 2 COLLECTIVISM & INDIVIDUALISM. P. 215

Question 1

P. 215 Individualism & collectivism:

what is one characteristic of human nature that all psychologist agreed upon?

Answer 1

that behavior never occurs in a vacuum.

Question 2

p. 216 I. & C.

what is one powerful environmental influence on humans that the field of psychology agrees with?

Answer 2

the culture in which they grow up.

Question 3

p. 216 I. & C.

what are some subjects to profound culture influences?

Answer 3

subjects to profound culture influences include:

= marriage, divorce, crime, love, hate, sex, touching, personal space, friendship,

Question 4

p. 216 Harry Triandis

what article did Triandis write, and what year did he published it?

what school did he go to?

Answer 4

Triandis wrote the article on the delineation of INDIVIDUALISTIC versus COLLECTIVIST cultures, and it was published in 1988.

the University of Illinois, Urbana champaign.

Question 5

p. 216 Triandis

what does Triandis proposed?

Answer 5

Triandis proposed that the degree to which a particular culture can be defined as individualistic or collectivist determines the behavior and personalities of its members in complex and pervasive ways.

Question 6

p. 216 Triandis

what is a collectivist culture?

= what is an ingroup?

Answer 6

A collectivist culture is one in which the individual’s needs, desires, and outcomes are SECONDARY to the needs, desires, and goals of the ingroup, =the larger group to which the individual belongs.

= an ingroup may include a family, a tribe, a village, a professional organization, a country.

Question 7

p. 217 Triandis

what do Individualistic cultures place value on?

Answer 7

Individualistic cultures place a higher value on the welfare and accomplishments of the individual than on the needs and goals of the larger ingroups.

Question 8

p. 217 Triandis

according to Triandis where do individualistic cultures tend to be?

=what characteristics do individualistic cultures have in common?

Answer 8

Individualistic cultures tend to be in Northern and western Europe.
=and those countries influenced by northern Europeans.

= individualistic cultures have in common several characteristics like:
= possessing a frontier, large numbers of immigrants, and rapid social and geographical mobility.

Question 9

p. 218 Triandis /Table

what are some differences between C.C & I.C.?

=C.C.= Collective Cultures

=I.C.= Individualistic Cultures

Answer 9

collectivist C. 
=interpret self as extension of group.
= concern for group is paramount
=rewards for achievement of group
=greater value on love, status, and service. 
=
individualistic  cultures=
=interpret self as distinct from group
=self reliance is paramount
=rewards for personal achievement
=greater value on money and possessions. 
p. 218

Question 10

p. 218 - 219 C.C. & I.C.
METHOD:

How many studies did this article report on?

=what did each study focus on?

Answer 10

this article reported on 3 STUDIES.
=study 1= was designed to define the concept of individualism more clearly as it applies to the United States.

=study 2= was designed to compare an individualistec culture, (united states) with cultures assumed to be fundamentally collectivist (Japan & Puerto Rico).

=study 3= was designed to test the hypothesis that members of collectivist cultures perceive that they receive better social support and enjoy more consistently satisfying relationships with others, compare to individualistic cultures (often lonely). see p. 219

Question 11

p. 219 Triandis / method

the data from study one was explained by 3 factors, what are those 3 factors?

Answer 11

with 50% of the data, they were explained by these 3 factor:
1= SELF RELIANCE
2= COMPETITION
3= DISTANCE FROM INGROUPS

Question 12

P. 219 TRIANDIS
What was the purpose of study 2?

= what was the question asked in this study?

Answer 12

to focus on comparing the relationships of individuals to their ingroups in the two types of cultures.
=to compare individualistic cultures (USA) to Collectivist cultures (Japan, P.R.)
=the question?= Do people in collectivist cultures indicate more willingness to subordinate their personal needs to the needs of the group?

Question 13

p. 219 Triandis

what was the purpose of study 3?

Answer 13

to test the hypothesis that collectivist cultures received better social support and enjoy more consistently satisfying relationships.
=whereas those in individulistic cultures report that they are often lonely

=see p. 219