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GCSE PE > Topic on a page - Short and long term effects of exercise > Flashcards

Topic on a page - Short and long term effects of exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the immediate effect of exercise

A

effects that happen during exercise

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2
Q

what are the immediate effects of exercise

A
  • getting hot
  • getting sweaty
  • having red skin
  • increased depth and rate of breathing
  • increased heart rate
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3
Q

why is getting hot an immediate effect of exercise

A

heat is a by-product of energy production, the harder we train the hotter we get

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4
Q

why is getting sweaty an immediate effect of exercise

A

sweat glands produce sweat to cool you down, sweat evaporating from the surface of your skin removes some body heat

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5
Q

why is having red skin an immediate effect of exercise

A

blood vessels dilate close to the surface if the skin to help you lose heat, this makes you look red

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6
Q

why is increased depth and rate of breathing an immediate effect of exercise

A

this allows more gaseous exchange to occur more quickly
more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles and more carbon dioxide can be removed

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7
Q

why is increased heart rate an immediate effect of exercise

A

this allows gases to be transported around the body
oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles and carbon dioxide can be removed

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8
Q

what is the short term effect of exercise

A

effects that happen 24 to 36 hours after exercise

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9
Q

what are the short-term effects of exerise

A
  • tiredness and fatigue
  • light headedness or nausea
  • aching muscles
  • cramp
  • DOMS
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10
Q

why is tiredness and fatigue a short-term effect of exercise

A

when we are exercising, energy stores are being used up
this will lead to tiredness and fatigue

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11
Q

why is light headedness or nausea a short-term effect of exercise

A

when we exercise, we lose fluids which can lead to dehydration
light headedness and nausea are symptoms of being dehydrated

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12
Q

why is aching muscles a short-term effect of exercise

A

answer tbc

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13
Q

why is cramp a short-term effect of exercise

A

cramp is an involuntary muscular contraction
a cause of cramp is a depletion of energy stores or dehydration and a lack of electrolytes due to sweating

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14
Q

why is DOMS a short-term effect of exercise

A

DOMS can occur due to micro tears in the muscles from vigorous activity

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15
Q

what is the long term effect of exercise

A

the effects that happen months or years after training

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16
Q

what are the long-term effects of exercise

A
  • change in body shape
  • improved stamina
  • increase in size of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy)
  • lower resting heart rate (bradycardia)
17
Q

why is change in body shape a long-term effect of exercise

A

a change in body shape can improve performance such as an increase in muscle mass or decrease in body fat

18
Q

example of what sports change in body shape can help

A

an increase in muscle mass will assist in strength and power sports such as sprinting and rugby
a reduction of body fat will assist a long distance runner

19
Q

why is improved stamina

A

improved stamina will allow performers to last longer in an activity without getting tired

20
Q

example of what sport improved stamina can help

A

performing to a high standard for 90 minutes in football

21
Q

why is increase in size of the heart (hypertrophy) a long-term effect of exercise

A

an increase in the size of the heart will allow more blood pumped per beat (stroke volume) when exercising
this will allow more oxygen to be delivered to the working muscles

22
Q

why is lower resting heart rate (bradycardia) a long-term effect of exercise

A

because the heart can pump more blood per beat it will not have to work as hard at rest therefore resting heart rate will be lower

23
Q

what does strength allow

A

us to provide a force applied by a muscle group to overcome a resistance

24
Q

what does muscular endurance allow

A

repeated contractions and avoid fatigue

25
Q

what does suppleness/ flexibility allow

A

a greater range of movement at a joint

26
Q

what does speed allow

A

us to perform movements quickly

27
Q

what does cardiovascular endurance allow

A

oxygen to be supplied to the working muscle so you can perform for a long time without getting tired

GCSE PE (22 decks)

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