Topic on a page - health and components of fitness Flashcards
what is fitness
the ability to meet the demands of the environment
explain fitness
are you fit enough to do your everyday tasks in your everyday life
what is health
a state of complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
explain health
not only are you free from disease and infirmity you are socially active, physically fit and have no emotional problems such as stress
what is the relationship between health and fitness
–> regular exercise –> increased fitness –> health benefits –>
explain the relationship between health and fitness
- exercise improves fitness, an increase in fitness will improve performance
- exercise improves all aspects of health (physical, social, emotional)
- if you are not healthy enough to take part in regular exercise your fitness will deteriorate causing your performance to drop - health benefits will not be gained
what is cardiovascular fitness
the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
why is cardiovascular endurance important
they need good cardiovascular fitness to be able to maintain a high standard pf performance throughout the race/match
what sports require good cardiovascular endurance
- games players
- long distance runners/ rowers
what fitness test is used for cardiovascular endurance
multi stage fitness test
what is muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle group to undergo repeated contractions, avoiding fatigue
why is muscular endurance important
they need a prolonged additional oxygen delivery to the working muscles to repeat muscle contractions over a long period of time without tiring
what sports require good muscular endurance
- cyclists (legs)
- boxing (arms)
- swimmer (arms/ legs)
what is the fitness test used for muscular endurance
sit-up bleep test
what is flexibility
the range of movement possible at a joint
why is flexibility important
performers need good flexibility to be able to get into position without getting injured and to perform complex movements
what sports require good flexibility
- gymnasts
- goal keepers
- divers
what is the fitness test used for flexibility
sit and reach
what is reaction time
the time taken to respond to a stimulus
why is reaction time important
performers need to react to a stimulus - a stimulus can include a ball, whistle, starter gun, or an opponent
what sports require good reaction time
- sprinters
- badminton players
- rugby players
what is the fitness test used for reaction time
ruler drop test
what is power
the ability to do strength performances quickly - power = strength x speed
why is power important
performers need power to improve performance - speed and strength are needed in sports where you throw, jump, kick and sprint
what sports require good power
- shot put
- football (kicking)
- high jump
what is the fitness test used for power
vertical jump
what is speed
the amount of time it takes to perform a particular action or cover a particular distance
why is speed important
performers need speed to get from one position to another - this may be leg speed to run or arm speed when throwing or hitting
what sports require good speed
- sprinting
- badminton
- javelin thrower
what is the fitness test used for speed
30m sprint
what is agility
the ability to change position of the body quickly while maintaining control of the movement
why is agility important
performers need agility to change direction quickly - this can be used to evade opponents or move around the court or pitch quickly
what sports require good agility
- rugby side-step
- tennis
- badminton
what is the fitness test used for agility
Illinois agility run
what is balance
the ability to retain the body’s centre of mass above the base of support - static or dynamic
why is balance important
performers need balance so they don’t fall over - in gymnastics when performing a (static) balance or travelling across the beam (dynamic)
what sports require good balance
- gymnastics
- skiing
- hammer throw
what is the fitness test used for balance
stork balance test
what is coordination
the ability to use two or more body parts together smoothly and efficiently
why is coordination important
performers need coordination when they are using two body parts at the same time - it can be used when aiming, or striking/ hitting a ball
what sports require good coordination
- tennis
- archery
- football
what is the fitness test used for coordination
wall toss
what is strength
the ability to overcome a resistance - it requires a force to be applied to a muscle or muscle group
why is strength important
performers need strength to support weight (static), lifting a weight (maximal), punching (dynamic), throwing (explosive)
what sports require good strength
- weight lifting
- rugby
- gymnastics
what is the fitness test used for strength
grip dynamometer or one rep max test
