Topic 9 - Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Overview of Integumentary System
A
- consists of:
- skin
- hair, nails, glands
- sense receptors (nervous)
- muscles
2
Q
how many layers does the skin have? name them
A
2
- epidermis - upper
- dermis - lower
below skin = hypodermis
3
Q
epidermis
- what kind of tissue?
- vascular or avascular?
A
- stratified squamous epithelieum (from ectoderm)
- avascular
4
Q
epidermis
- serarated into how many sublayers?
- name them
A
- 4-5 sub-layers
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granusolum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
5
Q
stratum basale
A
- single row cells
- 2 cell types
- keratinocytes (90%)
- melanocytes (10%)
6
Q
keratinocytes
- basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
- undergoes mitosis or meiosis?
- what does it make?
- migrates to what
A
- one of 2 cell types
- 90%
- undergo mitosis
- make keratin (tough protein)
- migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale
7
Q
melanocytes
- basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
- what does it produce for what?
A
- part of stratum basale
- 10%
- produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
- example: sunburns, wrinkles (Collagen damage), cancer (DNA damage)
8
Q
we all have the same number of __________, but…..
A
we all have the same number of melanocytes
but cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin
9
Q
albinos
A
people who have no melanin are
10
Q
what part in the dermis can give a pinkish tinge to fair skinned people?
A
blood (hemoglobin)
11
Q
what produces pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
A
melanocytes (10%)
12
Q
these are caused by collaged damage
A
wrinkles
13
Q
this causes cancer
A
DNA damage
14
Q
undergo mitosis
A
keratin (90%)
15
Q
single row of cells
A
stratum basale
16
Q
which strata has limited cell division?
A
stratum spinosum
17
Q
which strata contains dark staining granules?
A
stratum granulosum
18
Q
which strata has flat, dead cells (Too far from blood supply)
A
stratum lucidum
19
Q
which strata is visible ONLY in thick skin
A
stratum lucidum
20
Q
this strata has 20-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein), surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)
A
stratum corneum
21
Q
this strata shed and replaced from below
A
stratum corneum
22
Q
- how many layers of flat dead cells does the stratum corneum have?
- What are these layers filled with?
- what are they surrounded by?
A
- 20-30
- keratin
- waterproofing glycolipid
23
Q
tough protein
A
keratin
24
Q
prevents water loss
A
waterproofing glycolpid
25
What does the Dermis contain?
1. blood vessels
2. nerves
3. glands
4. hair follicles
26
* how many sub-layers does **dermis** contain and what kind of tissue from where?
* what are the 2 sub layers?
* 2 sub-layers
* CT from mesoderm
1. Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer
27
papillary layer
* located where?
* what kind of CT?
* avascular or vascular?
* beneath epidermis
* areolar CT
* vascular
28
papillary layer
has projection into epidermis called the ***dermal papillae***
29
dermal papillae
what happens in thick skin?
form dermal ridges called **fingerprints (improves grip)**
30
Reticular layer
* what kind of tissue?
* ?
* dense irregular CT
* most of dermis
31
most of dermis
Reticular layer
32
dense irregular CT
* papillary or reticular layer?
reticular layer
33
areolar CT
* papillary or reticular layer?
papillary layer
34
subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
35
superficial fascia
hypodermis
36
CT layers that surround and support organs
fascia
37
what kind of tissue is the hypodermis and where is it located?
adipose CT below skin
38
stores 1/2 of body's adipose tissue (insulation)
adipose CT below skin (hypodermis)
39
thin skin vs thick skin refers to the epidermis or dermis?
only the epidermis
40
True or False?
lucidum is apparent in thin skin
false
lucidum is NOT apparent in thin skin
41
thin skin has:
1. hair follicles
2. sebaceous glands
3. arrector pili muscles
42
1. hair follicles
2. sebaceous glands
3. arrector pili muscles
thick skin or thin skin?
thin skin
43
found on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot
thick skin
44
lucidum is visible in thin skin or thick skin?
thick skin
45
has no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles
thick skin
46
epidermal derivatives are derived from what?
**ALL** derived from the **epidermis**
47
epidermal derivatives includes:
1. hair
2. nails
3. skin exocrine glands
48
hair
all ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_
all dead cells
49
name the 3 parts of the hair
1. root
2. shaft
3. hair follicle
50
root
dead cells below the surface of the skin
51
dead cells below the surface of the skin
root
52
shaft
above the skin surface
53
above the skin surface
shaft
54
surrounds root
hair follicle
55
hair follicle
surrounds root
56
what are the 3 parts of the hair follicle
1. epithelial root sheath
2. bulb
3. matrix
57
**epithelial root sheath** of the hair follicle
* how many _____ layers extend into where?
* **several epidermal** layers extend into the **dermis**
58
**bulb** of hair follicle
\_\_\_\_\_ region at what?
**expanded** region **at base of root**
59
**matrix** of hair follicle
* how many layers of \_\_\_\_\_
* derived from?
* site of?
* **single** layer of **cells**
* derived from **basale cells**
* site of **hair growth** and **melanin for hair colour**
60
what part of the hair follicle is the ***expanded region at base of root***
bulb
61
what part of the hair follicle is the **single layer of cells (derived from basale cells) - site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour**
matrix
62
what part of the hair follicle has ***several epidermal layers that extend into the dermis?***
epithelial root sheath
63
name the 5 parts associated with each hair follicle?
1. outer CT sheath
2. hair papilla
3. root hair plexus
4. sebaceous (oil) gland
5. arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)
64
associated with each hair follicle:
Outer CT sheath
holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)
65
associated with each hair follicle:
hair papilla
extends upward beneath matrix
* contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regulation
* dermal
66
associated with each hair follicle:
root hair plexus
free nerve ending (touch)
67
associated with each hair follicle:
sebaceous gland
opens into follicle
68
associated with each hair follicle:
arrector pili muscle
causes *"goosebumps"*
69
extends upward beneath matrix
hair papilla
70
free nerve ending (touch)
root hair plexus
71
opens into follicle
sebaceous gland
72
causes goosebumps
arrector pili muscle
73
contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regluation
hair papilla
74
dermal
hair papilla
75
nails
* very _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _____ cells
* consists of:
* very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
* consists of:
* nail root (buried in skin)
* body (visible portion)
* free edge
76
very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
nails
77
name the 4 parts of the skin exogrine glands
1. sebaceous glands
2. sudoriferous glands
3. ceruminous glands
4. mammary glands
78
skin exocrine gland:
sebaceous gland
* connected mainly to:
* what does it secrete?
* connected mainly to hair follicles
* secretes sebum (oily - mix of fats, salts, proteins)
* softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents drying out, antibiotic
79
skin exocrine gland:
sudoriferous glands
* what kind of glands?
* _____ portions in where? of what?
* _these_ open onto where?
* act to:
* sweat glands
* **secretory** portions in **dermis** of **thick and thin skin**
* **ducts** open onto **skin surface**
* act to:
* cool the body
* antibiotic (acidic)
* remove wastes (urea, etc)
80
what kind of glands are sudoriferous glands?
sweat glands
81
sebaceous glands
* connected mainly to?
* secretes?
* \_\_\_\_\_, _____ hair and skin
* prevents \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* and antibiotic:)
* connected mainly to **hair follicles**
* secretes **sebum**
* **softens** and **lubricates** hair and skin
* **prevents drying out**
82
sudoriferous glands
* **\_\_\_\_\_** glands
* secretory portions in?
* ducts open \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* **sweat** glands
* secretory portions in **dermis of thick and thin skin**
* ducts open onto **skin surface**
83
sudoriferous glands act to:
* cool the \_\_\_\_\_
* anti\_\_\_\_\_\_
* removes what?
1. cool **the body**
2. anti**biotic**
3. removes **wastes**
84
skin exocrine gland:
ceruminous glands
* modified \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
* located where?
* what does it produce? which prevents?
* modified **sweat glands**
* in **ear canal**
* produces **ear wax**
* ****prevents **insects, etc. from entering**
85
ceruminous glands (no hints)
* ?
* ?
* ?
* modified sweat glands
* in ear canal
* produces ear wax which prevents insects, etc from cominh in
86
skin exocrine gland:
mammary glands
* modified sweat glands
* produce milk
87
what parts of the skin exocrine glands has modified sweat glands?
ceruminous and mammary glands
88
which gland produces milk?
* mammary glands of the skin exocrine glands
89
produces ear wax
ceruminous glands
90
list the 4 major types of cutaneous sense receptors
1. touch receptors
2. pressure receptors
3. thermoreceptors
4. nocireceptors
91
receptor = ?
sensory neuron (part of NS)
92
cutaneous sense receptors are a:
specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)
93
specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)
cutaneous sense receptors
94
name the 3 touch receptors
* free nerve endings (in epidermis)
* root hair plexuses
* meissner's corpscles (in dermal papillae)
95
name the 2 pressure receptors and their locations
1. free nerve endings (in dermis)
2. pacinian corpuscles (deep in drmis or hypodermis)
96
thermoreceptors
* free nerve endings for temperature
97
nociceptors
* free nerve endings for pain
* 3rd degree burns = no pain because nociceptors DESTROYED :O
98
sense receptors:
thermoreceptors = tempurature
nociceptors = pain
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**P**ressure receptor = **P for pacinian corpuscles**, therefore....Touch receptors have Meissner's corpuscles
99
difference between **free nerve endings** of the touch receptor and pressure receptor
touch receptor = in epidermis
pressure receptor = in dermis
