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Anatomy > Topic 9 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Integumentary System

A
  • consists of:
  1. skin
  2. hair, nails, glands
  3. sense receptors (nervous)
  4. muscles
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2
Q

how many layers does the skin have? name them

A

2

  1. epidermis - upper
  2. dermis - lower

below skin = hypodermis

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3
Q

epidermis

  • what kind of tissue?
  • vascular or avascular?
A
  • stratified squamous epithelieum (from ectoderm)
  • avascular
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4
Q

epidermis

  • serarated into how many sublayers?
  • name them
A
  • 4-5 sub-layers
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granusolum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
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5
Q

stratum basale

A
  • single row cells
  • 2 cell types
    • keratinocytes (90%)
    • melanocytes (10%)
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6
Q

keratinocytes

  • basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
  • undergoes mitosis or meiosis?
  • what does it make?
  • migrates to what
A
  • one of 2 cell types
  • 90%
  • undergo mitosis
  • make keratin (tough protein)
  • migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale
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7
Q

melanocytes

  • basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
  • what does it produce for what?
A
  • part of stratum basale
  • 10%
  • produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
    • example: sunburns, wrinkles (Collagen damage), cancer (DNA damage)
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8
Q

we all have the same number of __________, but…..

A

we all have the same number of melanocytes

but cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin

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9
Q

albinos

A

people who have no melanin are

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10
Q

what part in the dermis can give a pinkish tinge to fair skinned people?

A

blood (hemoglobin)

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11
Q

what produces pigment (melanin) for UV light protection

A

melanocytes (10%)

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12
Q

these are caused by collaged damage

A

wrinkles

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13
Q

this causes cancer

A

DNA damage

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14
Q

undergo mitosis

A

keratin (90%)

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15
Q

single row of cells

A

stratum basale

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16
Q

which strata has limited cell division?

A

stratum spinosum

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17
Q

which strata contains dark staining granules?

A

stratum granulosum

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18
Q

which strata has flat, dead cells (Too far from blood supply)

A

stratum lucidum

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19
Q

which strata is visible ONLY in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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20
Q

this strata has 20-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein), surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)

A

stratum corneum

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21
Q

this strata shed and replaced from below

A

stratum corneum

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22
Q
  • how many layers of flat dead cells does the stratum corneum have?
  • What are these layers filled with?
  • what are they surrounded by?
A
  • 20-30
  • keratin
  • waterproofing glycolipid
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23
Q

tough protein

A

keratin

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24
Q

prevents water loss

A

waterproofing glycolpid

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25
Q

What does the Dermis contain?

A
  1. blood vessels
  2. nerves
  3. glands
  4. hair follicles
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26
Q
  • how many sub-layers does dermis contain and what kind of tissue from where?
  • what are the 2 sub layers?
A
  • 2 sub-layers
  • CT from mesoderm
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
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27
Q

papillary layer

  • located where?
  • what kind of CT?
  • avascular or vascular?
A
  • beneath epidermis
  • areolar CT
  • vascular
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28
Q

papillary layer

A

has projection into epidermis called the dermal papillae

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29
Q

dermal papillae

what happens in thick skin?

A

form dermal ridges called fingerprints (improves grip)

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30
Q

Reticular layer

  • what kind of tissue?
  • ?
A
  • dense irregular CT
  • most of dermis
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31
Q

most of dermis

A

Reticular layer

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32
Q

dense irregular CT

  • papillary or reticular layer?
A

reticular layer

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33
Q

areolar CT

  • papillary or reticular layer?
A

papillary layer

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34
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

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35
Q

superficial fascia

A

hypodermis

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36
Q

CT layers that surround and support organs

A

fascia

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37
Q

what kind of tissue is the hypodermis and where is it located?

A

adipose CT below skin

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38
Q

stores 1/2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation)

A

adipose CT below skin (hypodermis)

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39
Q

thin skin vs thick skin refers to the epidermis or dermis?

A

only the epidermis

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40
Q

True or False?

lucidum is apparent in thin skin

A

false

lucidum is NOT apparent in thin skin

41
Q

thin skin has:

A
  1. hair follicles
  2. sebaceous glands
  3. arrector pili muscles
42
Q
  1. hair follicles
  2. sebaceous glands
  3. arrector pili muscles

thick skin or thin skin?

A

thin skin

43
Q

found on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot

A

thick skin

44
Q

lucidum is visible in thin skin or thick skin?

A

thick skin

45
Q

has no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles

A

thick skin

46
Q

epidermal derivatives are derived from what?

A

ALL derived from the epidermis

47
Q

epidermal derivatives includes:

A
  1. hair
  2. nails
  3. skin exocrine glands
48
Q

hair

all ____ ______

A

all dead cells

49
Q

name the 3 parts of the hair

A
  1. root
  2. shaft
  3. hair follicle
50
Q

root

A

dead cells below the surface of the skin

51
Q

dead cells below the surface of the skin

A

root

52
Q

shaft

A

above the skin surface

53
Q

above the skin surface

A

shaft

54
Q

surrounds root

A

hair follicle

55
Q

hair follicle

A

surrounds root

56
Q

what are the 3 parts of the hair follicle

A
  1. epithelial root sheath
  2. bulb
  3. matrix
57
Q

epithelial root sheath of the hair follicle

  • how many _____ layers extend into where?
A
  • several epidermal layers extend into the dermis
58
Q

bulb of hair follicle

_____ region at what?

A

expanded region at base of root

59
Q

matrix of hair follicle

  • how many layers of _____
    • derived from?
  • site of?
A
  • single layer of cells
    • derived from basale cells
  • site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour
60
Q

what part of the hair follicle is the expanded region at base of root

A

bulb

61
Q

what part of the hair follicle is the single layer of cells (derived from basale cells) - site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour

A

matrix

62
Q

what part of the hair follicle has several epidermal layers that extend into the dermis?

A

epithelial root sheath

63
Q

name the 5 parts associated with each hair follicle?

A
  1. outer CT sheath
  2. hair papilla
  3. root hair plexus
  4. sebaceous (oil) gland
  5. arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)
64
Q

associated with each hair follicle:

Outer CT sheath

A

holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)

65
Q

associated with each hair follicle:

hair papilla

A

extends upward beneath matrix

  • contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regulation
  • dermal
66
Q

associated with each hair follicle:

root hair plexus

A

free nerve ending (touch)

67
Q

associated with each hair follicle:

sebaceous gland

A

opens into follicle

68
Q

associated with each hair follicle:

arrector pili muscle

A

causes “goosebumps”

69
Q

extends upward beneath matrix

A

hair papilla

70
Q

free nerve ending (touch)

A

root hair plexus

71
Q

opens into follicle

A

sebaceous gland

72
Q

causes goosebumps

A

arrector pili muscle

73
Q

contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regluation

A

hair papilla

74
Q

dermal

A

hair papilla

75
Q

nails

  • very _____ _______ _____ cells
  • consists of:
A
  • very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
  • consists of:
    • nail root (buried in skin)
    • body (visible portion)
    • free edge
76
Q

very heavily keratinized epidermal cells

A

nails

77
Q

name the 4 parts of the skin exogrine glands

A
  1. sebaceous glands
  2. sudoriferous glands
  3. ceruminous glands
  4. mammary glands
78
Q

skin exocrine gland:

sebaceous gland

  • connected mainly to:
  • what does it secrete?
A
  • connected mainly to hair follicles
  • secretes sebum (oily - mix of fats, salts, proteins)
    • softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents drying out, antibiotic
79
Q

skin exocrine gland:

sudoriferous glands

  • what kind of glands?
  • _____ portions in where? of what?
  • these open onto where?
  • act to:
A
  • sweat glands
  • secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
  • ducts open onto skin surface
  • act to:
    • cool the body
    • antibiotic (acidic)
    • remove wastes (urea, etc)
80
Q

what kind of glands are sudoriferous glands?

A

sweat glands

81
Q

sebaceous glands

  • connected mainly to?
  • secretes?
  • _____, _____ hair and skin
  • prevents __________
  • and antibiotic:)
A
  • connected mainly to hair follicles
  • secretes sebum
  • softens and lubricates hair and skin
  • prevents drying out
82
Q

sudoriferous glands

  • ​_____ glands
  • secretory portions in?
  • ducts open _______
A
  • sweat glands
  • secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
  • ducts open onto skin surface
83
Q

sudoriferous glands act to:

  • cool the _____
  • anti______
  • removes what?
A
  1. cool the body
  2. antibiotic
  3. removes wastes
84
Q

skin exocrine gland:

ceruminous glands

  • modified _______?
  • located where?
  • what does it produce? which prevents?
A
  • modified sweat glands
  • in ear canal
  • produces ear wax
    • ​prevents insects, etc. from entering
85
Q

ceruminous glands (no hints)

  • ?
  • ?
  • ?
A
  • modified sweat glands
  • in ear canal
  • produces ear wax which prevents insects, etc from cominh in
86
Q

skin exocrine gland:

mammary glands

A
  • modified sweat glands
  • produce milk
87
Q

what parts of the skin exocrine glands has modified sweat glands?

A

ceruminous and mammary glands

88
Q

which gland produces milk?

A
  • mammary glands of the skin exocrine glands
89
Q

produces ear wax

A

ceruminous glands

90
Q

list the 4 major types of cutaneous sense receptors

A
  1. touch receptors
  2. pressure receptors
  3. thermoreceptors
  4. nocireceptors
91
Q

receptor = ?

A

sensory neuron (part of NS)

92
Q

cutaneous sense receptors are a:

A

specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)

93
Q

specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)

A

cutaneous sense receptors

94
Q

name the 3 touch receptors

A
  • free nerve endings (in epidermis)
  • root hair plexuses
  • meissner’s corpscles (in dermal papillae)
95
Q

name the 2 pressure receptors and their locations

A
  1. free nerve endings (in dermis)
  2. pacinian corpuscles (deep in drmis or hypodermis)
96
Q

thermoreceptors

A
  • free nerve endings for temperature
97
Q

nociceptors

A
  • free nerve endings for pain
  • 3rd degree burns = no pain because nociceptors DESTROYED :O
98
Q

sense receptors:

thermoreceptors = tempurature

nociceptors = pain

______________________

Pressure receptor = P for pacinian corpuscles, therefore….Touch receptors have Meissner’s corpuscles

A
99
Q

difference between free nerve endings of the touch receptor and pressure receptor

A

touch receptor = in epidermis

pressure receptor = in dermis

Anatomy (27 decks)

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