Topic 9 - Integumentary System Flashcards
Overview of Integumentary System
- consists of:
- skin
- hair, nails, glands
- sense receptors (nervous)
- muscles
how many layers does the skin have? name them
2
- epidermis - upper
- dermis - lower
below skin = hypodermis
epidermis
- what kind of tissue?
- vascular or avascular?
- stratified squamous epithelieum (from ectoderm)
- avascular
epidermis
- serarated into how many sublayers?
- name them
- 4-5 sub-layers
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granusolum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
stratum basale
- single row cells
- 2 cell types
- keratinocytes (90%)
- melanocytes (10%)
keratinocytes
- basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
- undergoes mitosis or meiosis?
- what does it make?
- migrates to what
- one of 2 cell types
- 90%
- undergo mitosis
- make keratin (tough protein)
- migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale
melanocytes
- basic facts (part of what? percentage?)
- what does it produce for what?
- part of stratum basale
- 10%
- produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
- example: sunburns, wrinkles (Collagen damage), cancer (DNA damage)
we all have the same number of __________, but…..
we all have the same number of melanocytes
but cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin
albinos
people who have no melanin are
what part in the dermis can give a pinkish tinge to fair skinned people?
blood (hemoglobin)
what produces pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
melanocytes (10%)
these are caused by collaged damage
wrinkles
this causes cancer
DNA damage
undergo mitosis
keratin (90%)
single row of cells
stratum basale
which strata has limited cell division?
stratum spinosum
which strata contains dark staining granules?
stratum granulosum
which strata has flat, dead cells (Too far from blood supply)
stratum lucidum
which strata is visible ONLY in thick skin
stratum lucidum
this strata has 20-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein), surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)
stratum corneum
this strata shed and replaced from below
stratum corneum
- how many layers of flat dead cells does the stratum corneum have?
- What are these layers filled with?
- what are they surrounded by?
- 20-30
- keratin
- waterproofing glycolipid
tough protein
keratin
prevents water loss
waterproofing glycolpid
What does the Dermis contain?
- blood vessels
- nerves
- glands
- hair follicles
- how many sub-layers does dermis contain and what kind of tissue from where?
- what are the 2 sub layers?
- 2 sub-layers
- CT from mesoderm
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
papillary layer
- located where?
- what kind of CT?
- avascular or vascular?
- beneath epidermis
- areolar CT
- vascular
papillary layer
has projection into epidermis called the dermal papillae
dermal papillae
what happens in thick skin?
form dermal ridges called fingerprints (improves grip)
Reticular layer
- what kind of tissue?
- ?
- dense irregular CT
- most of dermis
most of dermis
Reticular layer
dense irregular CT
- papillary or reticular layer?
reticular layer
areolar CT
- papillary or reticular layer?
papillary layer
subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
superficial fascia
hypodermis
CT layers that surround and support organs
fascia
what kind of tissue is the hypodermis and where is it located?
adipose CT below skin
stores 1/2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation)
adipose CT below skin (hypodermis)
thin skin vs thick skin refers to the epidermis or dermis?
only the epidermis
True or False?
lucidum is apparent in thin skin
false
lucidum is NOT apparent in thin skin
thin skin has:
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- arrector pili muscles
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- arrector pili muscles
thick skin or thin skin?
thin skin
found on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot
thick skin
lucidum is visible in thin skin or thick skin?
thick skin
has no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles
thick skin
epidermal derivatives are derived from what?
ALL derived from the epidermis
epidermal derivatives includes:
- hair
- nails
- skin exocrine glands
hair
all ____ ______
all dead cells
name the 3 parts of the hair
- root
- shaft
- hair follicle
root
dead cells below the surface of the skin
dead cells below the surface of the skin
root
shaft
above the skin surface
above the skin surface
shaft
surrounds root
hair follicle
hair follicle
surrounds root
what are the 3 parts of the hair follicle
- epithelial root sheath
- bulb
- matrix
epithelial root sheath of the hair follicle
- how many _____ layers extend into where?
- several epidermal layers extend into the dermis
bulb of hair follicle
_____ region at what?
expanded region at base of root
matrix of hair follicle
- how many layers of _____
- derived from?
- site of?
-
single layer of cells
- derived from basale cells
- site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour
what part of the hair follicle is the expanded region at base of root
bulb
what part of the hair follicle is the single layer of cells (derived from basale cells) - site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour
matrix
what part of the hair follicle has several epidermal layers that extend into the dermis?
epithelial root sheath
name the 5 parts associated with each hair follicle?
- outer CT sheath
- hair papilla
- root hair plexus
- sebaceous (oil) gland
- arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)
associated with each hair follicle:
Outer CT sheath
holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)
associated with each hair follicle:
hair papilla
extends upward beneath matrix
- contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regulation
- dermal
associated with each hair follicle:
root hair plexus
free nerve ending (touch)
associated with each hair follicle:
sebaceous gland
opens into follicle
associated with each hair follicle:
arrector pili muscle
causes “goosebumps”
extends upward beneath matrix
hair papilla
free nerve ending (touch)
root hair plexus
opens into follicle
sebaceous gland
causes goosebumps
arrector pili muscle
contains blood supply for growing hair and signals for its regluation
hair papilla
dermal
hair papilla
nails
- very _____ _______ _____ cells
- consists of:
- very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
- consists of:
- nail root (buried in skin)
- body (visible portion)
- free edge
very heavily keratinized epidermal cells
nails
name the 4 parts of the skin exogrine glands
- sebaceous glands
- sudoriferous glands
- ceruminous glands
- mammary glands
skin exocrine gland:
sebaceous gland
- connected mainly to:
- what does it secrete?
- connected mainly to hair follicles
- secretes sebum (oily - mix of fats, salts, proteins)
- softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents drying out, antibiotic
skin exocrine gland:
sudoriferous glands
- what kind of glands?
- _____ portions in where? of what?
- these open onto where?
- act to:
- sweat glands
- secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
- ducts open onto skin surface
- act to:
- cool the body
- antibiotic (acidic)
- remove wastes (urea, etc)
what kind of glands are sudoriferous glands?
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
- connected mainly to?
- secretes?
- _____, _____ hair and skin
- prevents __________
- and antibiotic:)
- connected mainly to hair follicles
- secretes sebum
- softens and lubricates hair and skin
- prevents drying out
sudoriferous glands
- _____ glands
- secretory portions in?
- ducts open _______
- sweat glands
- secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
- ducts open onto skin surface
sudoriferous glands act to:
- cool the _____
- anti______
- removes what?
- cool the body
- antibiotic
- removes wastes
skin exocrine gland:
ceruminous glands
- modified _______?
- located where?
- what does it produce? which prevents?
- modified sweat glands
- in ear canal
- produces ear wax
- prevents insects, etc. from entering
ceruminous glands (no hints)
- ?
- ?
- ?
- modified sweat glands
- in ear canal
- produces ear wax which prevents insects, etc from cominh in
skin exocrine gland:
mammary glands
- modified sweat glands
- produce milk
what parts of the skin exocrine glands has modified sweat glands?
ceruminous and mammary glands
which gland produces milk?
- mammary glands of the skin exocrine glands
produces ear wax
ceruminous glands
list the 4 major types of cutaneous sense receptors
- touch receptors
- pressure receptors
- thermoreceptors
- nocireceptors
receptor = ?
sensory neuron (part of NS)
cutaneous sense receptors are a:
specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)
specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp. pain)
cutaneous sense receptors
name the 3 touch receptors
- free nerve endings (in epidermis)
- root hair plexuses
- meissner’s corpscles (in dermal papillae)
name the 2 pressure receptors and their locations
- free nerve endings (in dermis)
- pacinian corpuscles (deep in drmis or hypodermis)
thermoreceptors
- free nerve endings for temperature
nociceptors
- free nerve endings for pain
- 3rd degree burns = no pain because nociceptors DESTROYED :O
sense receptors:
thermoreceptors = tempurature
nociceptors = pain
______________________
Pressure receptor = P for pacinian corpuscles, therefore….Touch receptors have Meissner’s corpuscles
difference between free nerve endings of the touch receptor and pressure receptor
touch receptor = in epidermis
pressure receptor = in dermis