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Anatomy > Topic 12 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Topic 12 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System Overview

  • heart, blood vessels, blood
  • transport: gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes, heat
  • protection: disease, fluid loss (clotting)
A
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2
Q

Heart

A

in a cavity called the mediastinum

( = space between lungs within thoracic cavity)

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3
Q

Heart

Coverings = Pericardium

  • what is surrounding heart?
  • how many layers?
  • what is in between ______ layers?
A
  • double-walled sac surrounding heart
  • 3 layers
  • between pericardial layers = pericardial cavity with serous fluid (lubricates)
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4
Q

double walled sac surrounding heart

A

pericardium

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5
Q

what are the 3 layers of the pericardium?

A
  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. serous pericardium
    • parietal pericardium
    • visceral pericardium also called epicardium
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6
Q

fibrous pericardium

A
  • outermost pericardium = dense irregular CT
  • anchors to surrounding structures
    • e.g. diaphragm, great vessels (aorta, vena cava, etc)
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7
Q

what kind of tissue is the outermost layer of the fibrous pericardium?

A

dense irregular CT

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8
Q

function of fibrous pericardium?

A

anchors to surrounding structures

e.g. diaphragm, great vessels (aorta, vena cava, etc).

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9
Q

what anchors to surrounding structures?

A

fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

serous pericardium

A

2 parts

  1. parietal pericardium
  2. visceral pericaridum
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11
Q

serous pericardium ► parietal pericardium

  • fused to?
A
  • fused to fibrous pericardium
    • fibrous pericardium + parietal pericardium = pericardial sac
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12
Q

serous pericardium ► visceral pericardium

  • also called?
  • fused to?
A
  • also called epicardium
  • fused to heart surface, so is part of heart wall
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13
Q

between pericardial layers = ?

A

pericardial cavity with serous fluid (lubricates)

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14
Q

heart wall

name the 3 parts

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
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15
Q

heart wall ► epicardium

name the tissue

A

stratified squamous epithelium and CT

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16
Q

myocardium

  • also called?
  • name the tissue
    • arranged in name shape/pattern here, reinforced with name tissue here
A
  • also called cardiac muscle
  • arranged in spiral/circular pattern, reinforced with CT
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17
Q

heart wall ► endocardium

  • name the tissue(s)
A
  • simple squamous epithelium and CT
    • epithelium named endothelium - lines inner surface of heart and ALL blood vessels
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18
Q

stratified squamous epithelium and CT

a) epicardium
b) myocardium
c) endocardium

A

epicardium

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19
Q

arranged in spiral/circular pattern, reinforced with CT

a) epicardium
b) myocardium
c) endocardium

A

myocardium

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20
Q

also called cardiac muscle

a) epicardium
b) myocardium
c) endocardium

A

myocardium

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21
Q

simple squamous epithelium and CT

a) epicardium
b) myocardium
c) endocardium

A

endocardium

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22
Q

name the chambers and associated blood vessels of the heart (4)

A
  1. right atrium
  2. left atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
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23
Q

Right atrium

A
  • inferior and superior vena cava
  • coronary sinus (posterior)
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24
Q

Left atrium

A
  • 4 pulmonary veins
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25
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk - divides to form 2 pulmonary arteries
26
left ventricle
aorta
27
inferior and superior vena cava is part of the ## Footnote a) right atrium b) left atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
right atrium
28
the coronary sinus is part of the ## Footnote a) right atrium b) left atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
right atrium
29
4 pulmonary veins are of part the ## Footnote a) right atrium b) left atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
left atrium
30
pulmonary trunk is part of the ## Footnote a) right atrium b) left atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
right ventricle
31
pulmonary trunk divides to do what?
to form 2 pulmonary arteries
32
aorta is part of the ## Footnote a) right atrium b) left atrium c) right ventricle d) left ventricle
left ventricle
33
Septa (separate chambers) of the heart Name the two
1. interatrial septum 2. interventricular septum
34
interatrial septum separates what?
atria
35
interventricular septum separates what?
ventricles
36
deep to interventricular sulcus (external) ## Footnote a) interatrial septum b) interventricular septum
interventricular septum
37
fibrous skeleton * allows what? * provides what? which prevents?
* allows **openings to remain open at all times** (valves open/close) * provides **electrical insulation** * **​** prevents **simultaneous contraction of chambers**
38
How does the CT fibers relate to the Fibrous skeleton?
CT fibers around the muscle fibers + CT rings between atria and ventricles at the coronary sulcus
39
what part of the heart allows openings to remain open at all times?
fibrous skeleton
40
what part of the heart provides electrical insulation - prevents simultaneous contraction of chambers
fibrous skeleton
41
**valves** of the heart name the 2 types of valves
1. atrioventricular valves 2. semilunar valves
42
name the 2 subtypes of atrioventricular valves
1. bicuspid (mitral) valve 2. tricuspid valve
43
atrioventricular valve: bicuspid (mitral) valve * left or right side? * how many cusps?
* left side * 2 cusps
44
atrioventricular valve: tricuspid valve * left or right side? * how many cusps?
* right side * 3 cusps
45
how does the ***chordae tendineae*** relate to the **atrioventricular (AV) valves?**
chordae tendineae (CT) attach AV valve cusps to papillary muscles (projections of myocardium)
46
chordae tendineae * attach what to where? * which are projections of ?
attach AV valve cusps to papillary muscles which are projections of myocardium
47
chordae tendineae attach AV valve cusps to papillary muscles (projections of myocardium) ## Footnote **what does that prevent?**
prevent eversion of cusps
48
chordae tendineae relates to which valve? ## Footnote a) atrioventricular valve b) semilunar valve
atrioventricular valve
49
semilunar valves * how many cusps? * what are the 2 types?
* 3 cusps each * aortic * pulmonary
50
semilunar valves ► aortic * separates what?
left ventricle and aorta
51
semilunar valves ► pulmonary * separates what?
right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
52
what separates the left ventricle and aorta?
aortic
53
separates right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
pulmonary
54
cardiac muscle cells * forms what?
forms **BOTH** contractile myocardium + conduction system
55
what forms BOTH contractile myocardium and conduction system?
cardiac muscle cells
56
list the **similarities** of the *_cardiac muscle_* cells and *_skeletal muscle_*
* striated * has sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules
57
list the **differences** between the *_cardiac muscle cells_* and *_skeletal muscle_*
* branched * uninucleated * intercalated discs
58
* region where two fibers meet * contain anchoring and gap junctions
intercalated discs
59
conduction system do not name the parts yet
* cardiac muscle cells modified to produce and conduct electrical impulses * DO NOT CONTRACT
60
electrical signals spreads from __________ to ________ then they \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
electrical signal spreads from **conduction system** to **contractile cardiac cells** then they **contract**
61
name the 5 parts of the **conduction system**
1. sinoatrial node 2. atrioventricular node 3. bundle of his 4. bundle of his branches 5. purkinje fibers
62
sinoatrial node * where is it located? * what is the function?
* in right atrium at base of superior vena cava * generates impulses the fastest - sets pace
63
what is located in right atrium at base of superior vena cava? ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
sinoatrial node
64
what generates impulses the fastest? - sets pace ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
sinoatrial node
65
what is located at *base of right atrium*? ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
atrioventricular node
66
bundle of his * where is it located? * what is the function?
* superior part of interventricular septum * electrically connects atria to ventricles
67
atrioventricular node * where is it located?
* base of right atrium
68
what is the *superior part of interventricular septum* ## Footnote * a) sinoatrial node* * b) atrioventricular node* * c) bundle of his* * d) bundle of his branches* * e) purkinje fibers*
bundle of his
69
what electrically connects atria to ventricles? ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
bundle of his
70
bundle of his branches * go where?
go to each ventricle
71
purkinje fibers * _______ fibers located only in where?
terminal fibers in ventricles only
72
what goes to each ventricle? ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
bundle of his branches
73
"terminal fibers in ventricles only" ## Footnote a) sinoatrial node b) atrioventricular node c) bundle of his d) bundle of his branches e) purkinje fibers
purkinje fibers
74

Anatomy (27 decks)

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