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Anatomy > Topic 5 - Early Human Development > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Early Human Development Flashcards

1
Q

How many weeks is the pre-embryonic period and when?

A

first 2 weeks

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2
Q

What is part of the pre-embryonic period?

A
  1. Zygote
  2. Morula
  3. Blastocyst
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3
Q

Zygote

  • how many cells?
  • diploid or haploid?
A
  • 1 cell
  • Diploid
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4
Q

What does the Zygote undergo?

A

undergoes rapid mitotic divisions called cleavage divisions

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5
Q

what are cleavage divisions?

A

rapid mitotic divisions

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6
Q

Morula

how many hours?

A

72

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7
Q

Morula

  • describe its physical appearance
    • how many cells? what are the cells called?
    • same size as what?
A
  • solid ball of 16-32 cells (Cells called blastomeres)
  • SAME size as ovum/zygote
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8
Q

what is the same size as a zygote?

A

morula

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9
Q

Blastocyst

how long is the duration?

A

5 days

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10
Q

Describe the blastocyst

A
  • fluid filled cavity develops = blastocoel/blastocyst cavity
  • inner cell mass
  • trophoblast (made of trophoblast cells)
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11
Q

go into detail about the inner cell mass of the blastocyst

A

cells divide and differentiate (undergo changes to

become more specialized) to form the embryo

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12
Q

go into detail about the trophoblast of the blastocyst

A

cells will divide and differentiate to form chorion - provides nutrients to developing embryo

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13
Q

what does the blastocyst do?

  • moves from where?
  • attaches to what?
  • what is that called?
  • how many days after ______?
A

blastocyst moves from uterine tube and attaches to endometrium of uterine wall = implantation

5 - 7 days after fertilization

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14
Q

describe the blastocyst after implantation

A
  • inner cell mass forms a 1 layered (bilayered) embryonic disc composed of:
    • epiblast
    • hypoblast
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15
Q

epiblast

A

will undergo mitosis to form

  1. amnion - with a fluid filled amniotic cavity
  2. 3 germ layers of the embryo
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16
Q

hypoblast

A

will undergo mitosis to form the yolk sac

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17
Q

how long is the duration of the Embryonic period?

A

3rd week to the end of the 8th week

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18
Q

describe the embryonic period

  • how many layers
  • what does it form?
  • how were the layers formed?
A
  • 3 germ layers are now present forming the embryo (Each layer was formed from mitosis and differentiation of epiblast cells):
    1. Ectoderm
    2. Mesoderm
    3. Endoderm
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19
Q

Ectoderm

what will it form?

A

will form the nervous system and the epidermis

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20
Q

Mesoderm

what will it form?

A

will form

  1. muscles
  2. cardiovascular system
  3. dermis
  4. most bones
21
Q

Endoderm

what will it form?

A
  • will form epithelial linings of
    1. digestive
    2. respiratory
    3. urinary
    4. reproductive systems and their associated glands
22
Q

what happens during the embryonic period?

  1. what happens to the major organ systems?
  2. what happens to the heart?
  3. what happens to the limb buds?
  4. what forms during this period?
A
  1. major organ systems almost completely formed
  2. heart begins to beat
  3. limb buds differentiate
  4. embryonic membranes form
23
Q

what happens during the embryonic period?

A
  1. major organ systems almost completely formed
  2. heart begins to beat
  3. limb buds differentiate
  4. embryonic membranes form
24
Q

what embryonic membranes are formed?

A
  1. yolk sac
  2. amnion
  3. allantois
  4. chorion

YAAC

25
Q

chorion

  1. derived from what?
  2. surrounds what?
  3. projections of what?
  4. what will these projections form?
  5. what are these projections called?
A
  1. derived from trophoblast
  2. surrounds all embryonic membranes
  3. projections of the chorion containing blood vessels
  4. that will form fetal part of placents
  5. called chorionic villi
26
Q

what is the chorion derived from?

A

trophoblast cells

27
Q

derived from trophoblast cells

A

chorion

28
Q

surrounds all embryonic membranes

A

chorion

29
Q

projections of the chorion containing the blood vessels that will form fetal part of placenta

A

chorionic villi

30
Q

amnion

  1. derived from?
  2. forms what?
  3. which surrounds?…
A
  1. derived from epiblast
  2. forms amniotic cavity
  3. amniotic cavity surrounds embryo/fetus with amniotic fluid
31
Q

what is the function of the amniotic fluid?

A
  1. shock absorption
  2. temperature regulation
32
Q

what has this function?

  1. shock absorption
  2. temperature regulation
A

amniotic fluid of the amnion

33
Q

derived from epiblast

A

amnion

34
Q

forms amniotic cavity - surrounds embryo/ fetus with amniotic fluid

A

amnion

35
Q

yolk sac

  1. derived from?
  2. forms?
  3. produces?
  4. source of?
A
  1. derived from hypoblast
  2. forms part of gut (gastrointestinal tract)
  3. produces earliest blood cells and vessels
  4. source of primordial germ cells (reproductive cells = primary oocytes + primary spermatocytes)
36
Q

derived from hypoblast

A

yolk sac

37
Q

forms part of gut (gastrointestinal tract)

A

yolk sac

38
Q

produces earliest blood cells and vessels

A

yolk sac

39
Q

source of primordial germ cells

A

yolk sac

40
Q

allantois

  • what part of the yolk sac?
  • what does it form?
A
  • out-pocket of yolk sac
  • forms the umbillical cord and the urinary bladder
41
Q

out-pocket of yolk sac

A

allantois

42
Q

forms the umbilical cord and the urinary bladder

A

allantois

43
Q

what week does the fetal period begin and end? and what occurs during this period?

A
  • 9th week to the end of the 40th week
  • growth and maturation of organs occurs
44
Q

9th week to the end of the 40th week

A

fetal period

45
Q

growth and maturation of organs occurs during this period

A

fetal period

46
Q

3rd week to end of the 8th week

A

embryonic period

47
Q
  • major organ systems almost completely formed
  • heart begins to beat
  • limb buds differentiate
  • embryonic membranes form

during this period:

A

embryonic period

48
Q

what provides nutrients to the developing embryo?

A

chorion

Anatomy (27 decks)

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