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Anatomy > Topic 16 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Topic 16 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System

List the structures of the urinary system

How many?

A

2 kidneys

2 ureters

1 urinary bladder

1 urethra

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2
Q

List the functions of the urinary system

A
  • Regulates
  • Eliminates wastes
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3
Q

functions of the urinary system

What does the urinary system regulate?

A

regulates

  1. blood volume
  2. blood pressure
  3. pH
  4. ion concentrations
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4
Q

Functions of urinary system

What kind of wastes does the urinary system eliminate?

A

example: urea, uric acid, hormones, drugs

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5
Q

List the 7 structures of the urinary system

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Nephron
  3. Kidney & Nephron blood supply
  4. Juxtaglomerular complex
  5. Ureters
  6. Urinary Bladder
  7. Urethra
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6
Q

Structures of the urinary system

Kidneys

list the external anatomy

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • right lower than left
  • supported & protected by 3 layers of CT
  • renal hilus (hilum)
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7
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys ► External anatomy:

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue?

A
  1. fibrous capsule
  2. perineral fat capsule
  3. renal fascia
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8
Q

Structures of urinary system ► Kidneys ►External anatomy:

Renal hilus (hilum)

A
  • medial indentation
  • entry point of:
    • renal artery (superior)
    • renal vein (inferior)
    • ureter
    • nerves

**vein = inferior**

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9
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys

List the internal anatomy

A
  • renal cortex (superficial)
  • renal medulla

cortex = outer

medulla = middle

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10
Q

Structures of urinary system: Kidneys ► Internal anatomy:

What does the renal medulla contain?

A
  1. renal pyramids ► apex of pyramid = renal papilla
  2. renal columns ► separate pyramids and contain blood vessels

apex = top or highest part of something

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11
Q

cortex = ?

medulla = ?

papilla = ?

A

outer

middle

projection

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12
Q

Structures of urinary system:

Nephron

A
  • functional unit of kidney (microscopic)
  • composed of:
    • renal corpuscle
    • renal tubules
  • 2 types of nephrons
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13
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

Renal Corpuscle

A
  • in cortex
  • site of blood filtration (first step in urine formation)
  • parts
    • glomerulus
    • bowman’s capsule
    • filtration membrane
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14
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle:

Glomerulus

A

= capillary bed

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15
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ►Renal corpuscle:

Bowman’s capsule

A
  • surrounds glomerulus
  • collects filtrate from glomerulus
  • 2 layers
    • outer = simple squamous epithelium
    • inner = podocytes ► wrapped around glomerular capillaries
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16
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle

filtration membrane

A
  • consists of
    1. glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
    2. basement membranes
    3. podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)
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17
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle ► filtration membrane:

what type of tissue is Glomerular Endothelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium with pores = fenestrations

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18
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal corpuscle ► filtration membrane:

Type of tissue of podocytes?

A

simple epithelium

projections “cling” to glomerulus

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19
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

Renal Tubules

A
  • 4 parts
    1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
    2. Loop of Henle
    3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
    4. Collecting ducts
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20
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

in cortex

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21
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Loop of Henle

A
  • descending + ascending limbs
  • in medulla
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22
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

in cortex

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23
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► Renal Tubules:

Collecting Ducts

A
  • in cortex and medulla
  • connect nephron to ureter (via calyces/renal pelvis)
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24
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A
  1. Cortical
  2. Juxtamedullary
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25
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► 2 types of Nephrons

Cortical

A
  • 85%
  • renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex
  • short loop of henle in outer medulla
  • most abundant
  • more superficial
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26
Q

Structures of urinary system: Nephron ► 2 types of Nephrons

Juxtamedullary

A
  • 15%
  • renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla
  • long loops - penetrate deep into medulla -> allow concentration of urins depending on need
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27
Q

low ______ = ______ blood pressure

A

low blood volume = low blood pressure

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28
Q

way to remember the 2 types of nephrons

  1. Cortical = CORTEX
  2. Juxtamedullary = MEDULLA
A

:)

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29
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

Starts at the:

A

Aorta

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30
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After the aorta

A

Renal Arteries

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31
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After renal arteries

A

Segmental Arteries

32
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After segmental arteries

A

Interlobar arteries (up columns)

33
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After interlobar arteries:

A

Arcuate arteries (medulla/cortex junction)

34
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After arcuate arteries

A

Cortical radiate arteries

35
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After cortical radiate arteries

A

Afferent arterioles

afferent = arriving

36
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After afferent arterioles

A

Glomeruli

37
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After glomeruli

A

Efferent arterioles

Efferent = Exiting

38
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After efferent arterioles

A

peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

39
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After peritubular capillaries

A

cortical radiate veins

40
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After vasa recta

A

cortical radiate veins

41
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After corticle radiate veins

A

Arcuate veins

42
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After arcuate veins

A

interlobal veins

43
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After interlobar veins

A

renal veins

44
Q

Kidney and Nephron Blood Supply

After renal veins

A

Inferior vena cava

45
Q

Juxtaglomerular complex

A
  • regulates filtrate formation
  • point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent + efferent arterioles at renal corpuscle of same nephron
  • 2 parts
46
Q

What are the 2 parts of the juxtaglomerular complex?

A
  1. Tubular Portion
  2. Arteriolar portion
47
Q

Juxtaglomerular Complex

Tubular Portion

A

modified (tall and narrow) ascemdomg limb cells = macula densa

48
Q

Juxtaglomerular Complex

Ateriolar Portion

A

Afferent + efferent arteriolar portion = granular <strong>(</strong>juxtaglomerular cells<strong>)</strong>

  • monitor blood pressure
  • contain renin (enzyme + hormone)
49
Q

Urinary Bladder

Histology

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. NO submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Adventitia/Seroser
50
Q

Urinary Bladder ► Histology

Mucosa

A

Transitional Epithelium with Rugae

51
Q

Urinary Bladder ► Histology

No Submucosa

A

Lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa

52
Q

Urinary Bladder ► Histology

Muscularis Externa

A

= Detrusor Muscle

smooth muscle (3 layers)

Detrusor = To thrust out

53
Q

Urinary Bladder

Adventitia/Seroser

A

Aventitia = Anterior, Posterior, and Inferior

Seroser = Superior

54
Q

Urinary Bladder

Internally

A

triangle of 2 ureters (posterior) + urethra openings = TRIGONE

  • Trigone lacks rugae (smooth) - allows openings to remain in fixed position
55
Q

Ureters

Histology

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. NO Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Adventitia/Seroser
56
Q

Ureters ► Histology

Mucosa

A

transitional epithelium

57
Q

Ureters ► Histology

NO Submucosa

A

Lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa

58
Q

Ureters ► Histology

Muscularis externa

A

Smooth muscle - 3 layers

59
Q

Ureters ► Histology

Adventitia/Seroser

A

Retroperitoneal

60
Q

Urethra

Histology and others points:

A

Histology

  1. Mucosa
  2. Muscularis externa

Other points

  • 2 sphincters (both surround proximal end of urethra)
  • in females - transports urine
  • in males - transports urine and semen
61
Q

Urethra ► Histology

Mucosa

A

Transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

62
Q

Urethra ► Histology

Muscularis Externs

A

Smooth Muscle

63
Q

Urethra ► Other points

Name the 2 sphincters

A
  1. Internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
  2. External urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
64
Q

Urethra ► other points

Which contains smooth muscle?

A. Internal urethral sphincter

B. External Urethral sphincter

A

Internal

***inside is smooth - outside is hard***

65
Q

Urethra ► other points

Which contains skeletal muscle

A. Internal urethral sphincter

B. External urethral sphincter

A

External

66
Q

Urethra ► other points

Internal Urethral Sphincter

A

thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder

67
Q

Urethra ► other points

External urethral sphincter

A

in urogenital diaphragm

68
Q

Filtrate Movement

Filtrate moves from:

A

Several DCTs

distal convoluted tubules

69
Q

Filtrate Movement

From Several DCT’s to:

A

Collecting ducts (exit at renal papilla)

70
Q

Filtrate Movement

From collecting ducts to:

A

Minor calyx

71
Q

Filtrate Movement

From minor calyx to:

A

Major Calyx

72
Q

Filtrate Movement

From major calyx to:

A

Renal pelvis

73
Q

Filtrate Movement

From renal pelvis to

A

Ureter

74
Q

Filtrate Movement

From ureter to:

A

Urinary bladder

75
Q

Filtrate Movement:

From urinary bladder to

A

Urethra

76
Q

Filtrate Movement

From urethra to

A

YOUR NAME IN THE SNOW LAWL

77
Q

What is the difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa racta?

A

Peritubular Capillaries

  1. Found in cortex
  2. Surrounds the PCT and DCT
  3. Carries blood away from kidney

Vasa Recta

  1. Found in medulla
  2. Surrounds loop of henle
  3. Carries blood to kidney

Anatomy (27 decks)

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