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Anatomy > Topic 14 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Topic 14 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory System: Overview

What are the 2 main functions?

A
  • air movement = in + out of lungs
  • exchanges of gases (O2 + CO2) between lungs and blood
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2
Q

Respiratory System: Overview

What are the 2 subdivisions?

A
  1. Upper respiratory system
  2. Lower respiratory system
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3
Q

Upper respiratory system refers to:

A
  • nose
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
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4
Q

Lower respiratory system refers to:

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tree
  • lungs
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5
Q

The respiratory system is lined with what?

A

mucosa (with one exception)

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6
Q

respiratory system is lined with mucosa (with one exception)

  • all have…
  • _______ tissue for most = ?
    • cilia sweep mucous to where?
  • CT layer of ALL mucosa = ?
A
  • all have epithelial tissue + CT
  • epithelial tissue for most = ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
    • ​cilia sweep mucous to esophogus where swallowed
  • ​connective tissue layer of ALL mucosa = lamina propria
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7
Q

epithelial tissue for most = what kind of epithelial tissue?

cilia sweep what to where?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

  • cilia sweep mucous to esophogus where swallowed
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8
Q

CT layer of ALL mucosa = ?

A

lamina propria

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9
Q

Name the 9 respiratory system structures

  1. Nose
  2. Nasal cavity
  3. Paranasal Sinus
  4. Pharynx
  5. Larynx
  6. Trachea
  7. Bronchial Tree
  8. Lungs
  9. Respiratory Membrane
A
  1. Nose
  2. Nasal cavity
  3. Paranasal Sinus
  4. Pharynx
  5. Larynx
  6. Trachea
  7. Bronchial Tree
  8. Lungs
  9. Respiratory Membrane
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10
Q

Nose

  • supported by?
  • nostrils =
A
  • supported by bone + hyaline cartilage
  • nostrils = nares
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11
Q

Nasal Cavity

what are the 3 functions?

A
  1. airway passage (heat + moisten air)
  2. olfaction
  3. speech (resonance chamber)
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12
Q

the nasal cavity is divided by?

A

nasal septum

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13
Q

the nasal cavity is divided by nasal septum

  • anterior part = ?
  • posterior part =?
A

anterior part = hyaline cartilage

posterior part = vomer, ethmoid, maxillae, palatine bones

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14
Q

what are the 3 areas of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. vestibule
  2. respiratory area
  3. olfactory area
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15
Q

Things to ask yourself

Nose

A
  • what is it supported by?
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16
Q

Things to ask yourself

nasal cavity

A
  • what are the functions?
  • divided by what?
  • what are the 3 areas?
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17
Q

supported by bone + hyaline cartilage

A

nose

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18
Q

nasal cavity: area

Vestibule

  • what region
  • lined by?
A
  • anterior region
  • ​​​lined by skin with coarse hair
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19
Q

nasal cavity: area

what region is the vestibule?

A

anterior region

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20
Q

nasal cavity: area

what region is the respiratory area?

A

posterior region

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21
Q

what area of the nasal cavity is lined by skin with coarse hair

A

vestibule

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22
Q

what kind of tissue is the mucosa of the respiratory area of the nasal cavity?

A

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium + CT

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23
Q

nasal cavity: area

respiratory area

choncae…

A

chonchae protrude from walls

  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior - separate bone
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24
Q

nasal cavity: area ► respiratory area

inferior to choncae

A

nasal meatuses (shallow groove)

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25
Q

nasal cavity: area ► respiratory area

  • chonchaea + meatuses cause what?
A

chonchae + meatuses cause air turbulence to knock out dust

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26
Q

nasal cavity: area ► respiratory area

lacrimal duct opens into where?

A
  • lacrimal duct opens into cavity here (just below inferior nasal conchae)
    • tears to nasal cavity
27
Q

nasal cavity: respiratory area

EVERYTHING

  • what region
  • mucosa = ?
  • chonchae…
    • ?
    • ?
    • ?
  • inferior to chonchae = ?
  • chonchae + meatuses cause what?
  • lacrimal duct opens into where?
    • ?
A
  • posterior region
  • mucosa = ciliated pseudostratified epithelium + CT
  • chonchae protrude from walls
    • superior
    • middle
    • inferior - separate bone
  • inferior to chonchae = nasal meatuses (shallow groove)
  • chonchae + meatuses cause air turbulence to knock out dust
  • lacrimal duct opens into cavity here (just below inferior chonchae)
    • tears to nasal cavity
28
Q

nasal cavity: area ► olfactory area

olfactory area

  • sense of _____
  • roof of ___ ______
  • neurons = ?
A
  • sense of smell
  • roof of nasal cavity
  • neurons = olfactory receptors
29
Q

sense of smell refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

c) olfactory area

30
Q

anterior region refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

vestibule

31
Q

posterior region refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

respiratory area

32
Q

roof of nasal cavity refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

olfactory area

33
Q

chonchae protrude from walls refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

respiratory area

34
Q

mucosa = ciliated pseudostratified epithelium + CT refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

respiratory area

35
Q

lacrimal duct opens into cavity here (just below inferior nasal chonchae) refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

respiratory area

36
Q

this causes air turbulence to knock out dust

a) vestibule
b) ethmoid
c) paranasal sinuses
d) chonchae + meatuses
e) epiglottis

A

chonchae + meatuses

37
Q

roof of nasal cavity refers to

a) vestibule
b) respiratory area
c) olfactory area

A

olfactory area

38
Q

neurons of the olfactory area is called

A

olfactory receptors

39
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

  • air filled spaces
    • how many?
    • located where?
A

8 air filled spaces in skull

40
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

8 air filled spaces in skull

  • paired left & right spaces in:
A
  1. frontal
  2. sphenoid
  3. ethmoid
  4. maxillae
41
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

  • open into where?
A

open directly into nasal cavity

42
Q

what is the function of paranasal sinuses?

A
  • warm
  • moisten air
  • lighten skull
43
Q

paranasal sinuses

sinusitis = ?

A

inflammation of mucous membrane

44
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

  • air filled spaces
    • how many and where?
      • paired left & right spaces in:
  • open directly into where?
  • function?
  • sinusitis = ?
A
  • 8 air filled spaces in skull
    • paired left & right spaces in
      • frontal
      • sphenoid
      • ethmoid
      • maxillae
  • open directly into nasal cavity
  • function: warm, moisten air, lighten skull
  • sinusitis = inflammation of mucous membrane
45
Q

Pharynx (throat)

  • how many regions?
  • what are the 3 regions
A
  • 3 regions
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
46
Q

Pharynx: Nasopharynx

  • posterior to?
  • ___ ______ only
  • contains
A
  • posterior to nasal cavity
  • air passage only
  • contains:
    • pharyngeal tonsil
    • openings
      • 2 posterior nasal apertures
      • 2 eustachian tubes
47
Q

what does the nasopharynx contain?

A
  • pharyngeal tonsil
  • openings
    • 2 posterior nasal apertures
    • 2 eustachian tubes
48
Q

Pharynx (Throat)

Oropharynx

  • posterior to _______
  • _____ & _____ passage
  • what kind of tissue
  • from _______ to top of epiglottis
  • contains
A
  • posterior to oral cavity
  • air + food passage
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • from soft palate to top of epiglottis
  • contains
    • palatine tonsils
    • lingual tonsil
49
Q

oropharynx

posterior to:

A

oral cavity

50
Q

oropharynx

air + food ______

A

air + food passage

51
Q

oropharynx

________ squamous epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

oropharynx

from soft palate to ____________

A

​from soft palate to top of epiglottis

53
Q

oropharynx contains:

A
  • palatine tonsils
  • lingual tonsil
54
Q

laryngopharynx

  • ___ + _____ passage
  • what kind of tissue
  • from ______ to opening of ________
A
  • air + food passage
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • from epiglottis to opening of larynx
55
Q

what do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx have in common?

A
  • air + food passage
  • stratified squamous epithelium
56
Q

what is the difference between the passages of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx & laryngopharynx?

A

the nasopharynx: air passage only

oropharynx and laryngopharynx: air + food passage

57
Q

laryngopharynx

from _________ to __________

A

from epiglottis to opening of larynx

58
Q

air passage only refers to

a) nasopharynx
b) oropharynx
c) laryngopharynx

A

nasopharynx

59
Q

posterior to oral cavity refers to

a) nasopharynx
b) oropharynx
c) laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

60
Q

from soft palate to top of epiglottis refer to

a) nasopharynx
b) oropharynx
c) laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

61
Q

contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils refers to

a) nasopharynx
b) oropharynx
c) laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

62
Q

from epiglottis to opening of larynx refer to

a) nasopharynx
b) oropharynx
c) laryngopharynx

A

laryngopharynx

63
Q

Larynx (voice box)

  • ____ passage only
  • made of how many cartilages?
  • vocal cords = ?
  • glottis:)
  • laryngitis:)
A
  • air passage only
  • made of 9 cartilages
  • vocal cords = 2 paired folds in the mucosa
64
Q

end of q cards

continue @ larynx

A

Anatomy (27 decks)

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