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Anatomy > Topic 14 - Respiratory System (3) > Flashcards

Topic 14 - Respiratory System (3) Flashcards

1
Q

bronchial tree

  • main bronchi to alveolar ducts
    • draw diagram
A
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2
Q

main bronchi

  • epithelium of mucosa shows gradual change
    • draw diagram
A
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3
Q

main (1º) bronchi is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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4
Q

terminal bronchioles is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

ciliated simple cuboidal

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5
Q

alveolar ducts is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

non-ciliated simple squamous

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6
Q

Lungs

  1. right + left = separated by _________
A

mediastinum

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7
Q

lungs

  1. right lung = how many lobes?
A

3 lobes

superior, middle, inferior

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8
Q

lungs

  1. left lung = how many lobes?
A

2 lobes

  • superior, inferior
  • has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
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9
Q

lungs

  1. pleura = _________
A

serous membrane

  • visceral - on surface of lung
  • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
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10
Q

lungs

pleura = serous membrane

  • visceral - ?
  • parietal - ?
A
  • visceral - on surface of lung
  • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
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11
Q

lungs

  1. pleural cavity = __________
A

filled with serous fluid

  • prevents friction when lungs move
  • hold lungs to thoracic cavity wall
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12
Q

lungs

pleural cavity = filled with?

  • prevents?
  • holds lungs to what wall?
A

filled with serous fluid

  • prevents friction when lungs move
  • holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
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13
Q

lungs

  1. Respiratory zone = _____________, ______, _______
  • O2 enters ______
  • CO2 enters _______ (gas exchange occurs mainly in _____)
A
  1. Respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
  • O2 enters blood
  • CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
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14
Q

has cardiac notch (Where heart lies)

A

left lung

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15
Q

holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall and prevents friction when lungs move

A

pleural cavity

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16
Q

O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli) refers to:

A

respiratory zone

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17
Q

Lungs

everything

  • right + left =
  • right lung =
  • left lung =
  • pleura =
  • pleural cavity =
  • respiratory zone =
A
  • right + left = separated by mediastinum
  • right lung = 3 lobes
    • superior, middle, inferior
  • left lung = 2 lobes
    • ​superior, inferior
    • has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
  • pleura = serous membrane
    • ​visceral - on surface of lung
    • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
  • pleural cavity = filled with serous fluid
    • prevents friction when lungs move
    • holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
  • respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
    • O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
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18
Q

respiratory membrane

how many layers? what layers?

A

3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane

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19
Q

respiratory membrane

3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane

  1. wall of ________
  2. ___________ of alveolus + capillary
  3. wall of ________
A
  1. wall of alveolus
  2. basement membranes of alveolus + capillary
  3. wall of capillary
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20
Q

respiratory membrane

wall of alveolus

  • what tissue?
  • made of how many cell types? what are they called?

1.

2.

3.

​​note: alveolar pores allow air movement between alveoli

A
  • simple epithelium
  • made of 3 cell types
    1. Type I alveolar cells
    2. Type II alveolar cells
    3. Macrophages
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21
Q

Respiratory membrane

Type I alveolar cells

  • simple ______
  • allow _______
A
  • simple squamous
  • allow gas diffusion
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22
Q

Respiratory membrane

Type II alveolar cells

  • simple ______
  • secrete _____
    • allows ?
A
  • simple cuboidal
  • secrete surfactant
    • allows lung to expand with ease
23
Q

respiratory membrane

macrophages

  • free moving across surface of ____________
  • remove ____________
A
  • free moving across surface of type I cells
  • remove dust + debris
24
Q

simple squamous refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

Type I alveolar cells

25
Q

simple cuboidal refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

Type II alveolar cells

26
Q

allow gas diffusion refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

Type I alveolar cells

27
Q

secrete surfactant - allows lung to expand with ease refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

type II alveolar cells

28
Q

free moving across surface of Type I cells refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

macrophages

29
Q

remove dust + debris refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

macrophages

30
Q

respiratory membrane

wall of capillary is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

simple squamous epithelium (=endothelial cell)

31
Q

Blood supply to the lung

  • how many routes?
    • what are they called?
A
  • 2 routes
    1. pulmonary circulation
    2. bronchial circulation
32
Q

blood supply to the lung

pulmonary circulation =

A

blood to be oxygenated

33
Q

blood supply to the lung

draw diagram of the pulmonary circulation

A
34
Q

blood supply to the lung

bronchial circulation

  • = subdivision of ________
  • blood to nourish ________
  • bronchial arteries
    • arise from
    • carry oxy blood to ______ except _______ portion
  • returning to heart blood drains into:
    • _______ vein (little blood) (to ______ - systemic)
    • OR ____________ (most blood) (to ______ - pulmonary)
A
  • subdivision of systemic
  • blood to nourish lung tissue
  • bronchial arteries
    • arise from aorta (systemic)
    • carry oxy blood to lung tissue except respiratory portion
  • returning to heart blood drains into:
    • bronchial vein (little blood) (to right atrium - systemic)
    • OR pulmonary veins (most blood) to (to left atrium - pulmonary)
35
Q

blood supply to the lung

draw diagram for bronchial circulation

A
36
Q

respiratory system structures

​​name the 5

A
  1. pulmonary edema
  2. tuberculosis
  3. pulmonary embolism
  4. pneumothorax
  5. emphysema
37
Q

respiratory system structures

  1. pulmonary edema
    • accumulation of
A

accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli

38
Q

respiratory system structures

  1. tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
  • thickens what?
  • decreased ________ and __________ area
A
  • thickens respiratory membrane - lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars)
  • decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
39
Q

respiratory system structures

  1. pulmonary embolism
  • blockage of
    • due to
A

blockage of pulmonary vaculature

  • due to blood clot, ateriosclerosis, air bubbles in vessels
40
Q

respiratory system structures

  1. Pneumothorax
  • entry of air into ________
  • causes lung to _________
A
  • entry of air into pleural cavity
  • causes lung to collapse
41
Q

respiratory system structures

  1. emphysema
  • _______ breaks
    • ?
    • ?
    • ?
A

alveolar wall breaks

  • fewer, larger alveoli
  • lowers surface area for gas exchange
  • decreased eleasticity (hard to breathe) + recoil (less air out on exhalation)
42
Q

accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

pulmonary edema

43
Q

thickens respiratory membrane - lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars) refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

​

A

tuberculosis

44
Q

decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

tuberculosis

45
Q

blockage of pulmonary vasculature refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

pulmonary embolism

46
Q

blockage of pulmonary vasculature is due to:

A
  • blood clot
  • arteriosclerosis
  • air bubbles in vessels
47
Q

entry of air into pleural cavity refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

pneumothorax

48
Q

entry of air into pleural cavity and causes lung to collapse refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

pneumothorax

49
Q

alveolar walls break refers to

a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema

A

emphysema

50
Q

ventilation

  • muscles are all _________
    • 1)
    • 2)
A
  • muscles are all skeletal
    • ​inspiration (intake of air)
    • expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs)
51
Q

ventilation

inspiration (intake of air)

  • _______ + _______ ___ contract
A
  • diaphragm + external intercoastals contract
52
Q

ventilation

expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs)

  • ____________ + ________ _______ relax
  • exhaling =
A
  • diaphragm + external intercostals relax
  • exhaling = passive
53
Q

how do the diaphragm + external intercostals differ during inspiration and expiration?

A

inspiration = contract

expiration = relax

Anatomy (27 decks)

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