Topic 14 - Respiratory System (3) Flashcards
bronchial tree
- main bronchi to alveolar ducts
- draw diagram
main bronchi
- epithelium of mucosa shows gradual change
- draw diagram
main (1º) bronchi is composed of what kind of tissue?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
terminal bronchioles is composed of what kind of tissue?
ciliated simple cuboidal
alveolar ducts is composed of what kind of tissue?
non-ciliated simple squamous
Lungs
- right + left = separated by _________
mediastinum
lungs
- right lung = how many lobes?
3 lobes
superior, middle, inferior
lungs
- left lung = how many lobes?
2 lobes
- superior, inferior
- has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
lungs
- pleura = _________
serous membrane
- visceral - on surface of lung
- parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
lungs
pleura = serous membrane
- visceral - ?
- parietal - ?
- visceral - on surface of lung
- parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
lungs
- pleural cavity = __________
filled with serous fluid
- prevents friction when lungs move
- hold lungs to thoracic cavity wall
lungs
pleural cavity = filled with?
- prevents?
- holds lungs to what wall?
filled with serous fluid
- prevents friction when lungs move
- holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
lungs
- Respiratory zone = _____________, ______, _______
- O2 enters ______
- CO2 enters _______ (gas exchange occurs mainly in _____)
- Respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
- O2 enters blood
- CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
has cardiac notch (Where heart lies)
left lung
holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall and prevents friction when lungs move
pleural cavity
O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli) refers to:
respiratory zone
Lungs
everything
- right + left =
- right lung =
- left lung =
- pleura =
- pleural cavity =
- respiratory zone =
- right + left = separated by mediastinum
- right lung = 3 lobes
- superior, middle, inferior
- left lung = 2 lobes
- superior, inferior
- has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
- pleura = serous membrane
- visceral - on surface of lung
- parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
- pleural cavity = filled with serous fluid
- prevents friction when lungs move
- holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
- respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
- O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
respiratory membrane
how many layers? what layers?
3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane
respiratory membrane
3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane
- wall of ________
- ___________ of alveolus + capillary
- wall of ________
- wall of alveolus
- basement membranes of alveolus + capillary
- wall of capillary
respiratory membrane
wall of alveolus
- what tissue?
- made of how many cell types? what are they called?
1.
2.
3.
note: alveolar pores allow air movement between alveoli
- simple epithelium
- made of 3 cell types
- Type I alveolar cells
- Type II alveolar cells
- Macrophages
Respiratory membrane
Type I alveolar cells
- simple ______
- allow _______
- simple squamous
- allow gas diffusion
Respiratory membrane
Type II alveolar cells
- simple ______
- secrete _____
- allows ?
- simple cuboidal
- secrete surfactant
- allows lung to expand with ease
respiratory membrane
macrophages
- free moving across surface of ____________
- remove ____________
- free moving across surface of type I cells
- remove dust + debris
simple squamous refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
Type I alveolar cells
simple cuboidal refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
Type II alveolar cells
allow gas diffusion refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
Type I alveolar cells
secrete surfactant - allows lung to expand with ease refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
type II alveolar cells
free moving across surface of Type I cells refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
macrophages
remove dust + debris refers to what part of the wall of alveolus
a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages
macrophages
respiratory membrane
wall of capillary is composed of what kind of tissue?
simple squamous epithelium (=endothelial cell)
Blood supply to the lung
- how many routes?
- what are they called?
- 2 routes
- pulmonary circulation
- bronchial circulation
blood supply to the lung
pulmonary circulation =
blood to be oxygenated
blood supply to the lung
draw diagram of the pulmonary circulation
blood supply to the lung
bronchial circulation
- = subdivision of ________
- blood to nourish ________
- bronchial arteries
- arise from
- carry oxy blood to ______ except _______ portion
- returning to heart blood drains into:
- _______ vein (little blood) (to ______ - systemic)
- OR ____________ (most blood) (to ______ - pulmonary)
- subdivision of systemic
- blood to nourish lung tissue
- bronchial arteries
- arise from aorta (systemic)
- carry oxy blood to lung tissue except respiratory portion
- returning to heart blood drains into:
- bronchial vein (little blood) (to right atrium - systemic)
- OR pulmonary veins (most blood) to (to left atrium - pulmonary)
blood supply to the lung
draw diagram for bronchial circulation
respiratory system structures
name the 5
- pulmonary edema
- tuberculosis
- pulmonary embolism
- pneumothorax
- emphysema
respiratory system structures
- pulmonary edema
- accumulation of
accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli
respiratory system structures
- tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
- thickens what?
- decreased ________ and __________ area
- thickens respiratory membrane - lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars)
- decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
respiratory system structures
- pulmonary embolism
- blockage of
- due to
blockage of pulmonary vaculature
- due to blood clot, ateriosclerosis, air bubbles in vessels
respiratory system structures
- Pneumothorax
- entry of air into ________
- causes lung to _________
- entry of air into pleural cavity
- causes lung to collapse
respiratory system structures
- emphysema
- _______ breaks
- ?
- ?
- ?
alveolar wall breaks
- fewer, larger alveoli
- lowers surface area for gas exchange
- decreased eleasticity (hard to breathe) + recoil (less air out on exhalation)
accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
pulmonary edema
thickens respiratory membrane - lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars) refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
tuberculosis
decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
tuberculosis
blockage of pulmonary vasculature refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
pulmonary embolism
blockage of pulmonary vasculature is due to:
- blood clot
- arteriosclerosis
- air bubbles in vessels
entry of air into pleural cavity refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
pneumothorax
entry of air into pleural cavity and causes lung to collapse refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
pneumothorax
alveolar walls break refers to
a) pulmonary edema
b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis)
c) pulmonary embolism
d) pneumothorax
e) emphysema
emphysema
ventilation
- muscles are all _________
- 1)
- 2)
- muscles are all skeletal
- inspiration (intake of air)
- expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs)
ventilation
inspiration (intake of air)
- _______ + _______ ___ contract
- diaphragm + external intercoastals contract
ventilation
expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs)
- ____________ + ________ _______ relax
- exhaling =
- diaphragm + external intercostals relax
- exhaling = passive
how do the diaphragm + external intercostals differ during inspiration and expiration?
inspiration = contract
expiration = relax
