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Anatomy > Topic 14 - Respiratory System (3) > Flashcards

Topic 14 - Respiratory System (3) Flashcards

1
Q

bronchial tree

  • main bronchi to alveolar ducts
    • draw diagram
A
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2
Q

main bronchi

  • epithelium of mucosa shows gradual change
    • draw diagram
A
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3
Q

main (1º) bronchi is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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4
Q

terminal bronchioles is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

ciliated simple cuboidal

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5
Q

alveolar ducts is composed of what kind of tissue?

A

non-ciliated simple squamous

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6
Q

Lungs

  1. right + left = separated by _________
A

mediastinum

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7
Q

lungs

  1. right lung = how many lobes?
A

3 lobes

superior, middle, inferior

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8
Q

lungs

  1. left lung = how many lobes?
A

2 lobes

  • superior, inferior
  • has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
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9
Q

lungs

  1. pleura = _________
A

serous membrane

  • visceral - on surface of lung
  • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
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10
Q

lungs

pleura = serous membrane

  • visceral - ?
  • parietal - ?
A
  • visceral - on surface of lung
  • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
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11
Q

lungs

  1. pleural cavity = __________
A

filled with serous fluid

  • prevents friction when lungs move
  • hold lungs to thoracic cavity wall
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12
Q

lungs

pleural cavity = filled with?

  • prevents?
  • holds lungs to what wall?
A

filled with serous fluid

  • prevents friction when lungs move
  • holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
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13
Q

lungs

  1. Respiratory zone = _____________, ______, _______
  • O2 enters ______
  • CO2 enters _______ (gas exchange occurs mainly in _____)
A
  1. Respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
  • O2 enters blood
  • CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
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14
Q

has cardiac notch (Where heart lies)

A

left lung

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15
Q

holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall and prevents friction when lungs move

A

pleural cavity

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16
Q

O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli) refers to:

A

respiratory zone

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17
Q

Lungs

everything

  • right + left =
  • right lung =
  • left lung =
  • pleura =
  • pleural cavity =
  • respiratory zone =
A
  • right + left = separated by mediastinum
  • right lung = 3 lobes
    • superior, middle, inferior
  • left lung = 2 lobes
    • ​superior, inferior
    • has cardiac notch (where heart lies)
  • pleura = serous membrane
    • ​visceral - on surface of lung
    • parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
  • pleural cavity = filled with serous fluid
    • prevents friction when lungs move
    • holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
  • respiratory zone = respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
    • O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (gas exchange occurs mainly in alveoli)
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18
Q

respiratory membrane

how many layers? what layers?

A

3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane

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19
Q

respiratory membrane

3 layers = 2 epithelia + their fused basement membrane

  1. wall of ________
  2. ___________ of alveolus + capillary
  3. wall of ________
A
  1. wall of alveolus
  2. basement membranes of alveolus + capillary
  3. wall of capillary
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20
Q

respiratory membrane

wall of alveolus

  • what tissue?
  • made of how many cell types? what are they called?

1.

2.

3.

​​note: alveolar pores allow air movement between alveoli

A
  • simple epithelium
  • made of 3 cell types
    1. Type I alveolar cells
    2. Type II alveolar cells
    3. Macrophages
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21
Q

Respiratory membrane

Type I alveolar cells

  • simple ______
  • allow _______
A
  • simple squamous
  • allow gas diffusion
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22
Q

Respiratory membrane

Type II alveolar cells

  • simple ______
  • secrete _____
    • allows ?
A
  • simple cuboidal
  • secrete surfactant
    • allows lung to expand with ease
23
Q

respiratory membrane

macrophages

  • free moving across surface of ____________
  • remove ____________
A
  • free moving across surface of type I cells
  • remove dust + debris
24
Q

simple squamous refers to what part of the wall of alveolus

a) Type I alveolar cells
b) Type II alveolar cells
c) Macrophages

A

Type I alveolar cells

25
**simple cuboidal** refers to what part of the wall of alveolus ## Footnote a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Macrophages
Type II alveolar cells
26
**allow gas diffusion** refers to what part of the wall of alveolus ## Footnote a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Macrophages
Type I alveolar cells
27
**secrete surfactant - allows lung to expand with ease** refers to what part of the wall of alveolus ## Footnote a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Macrophages
type II alveolar cells
28
**free moving across surface of Type I cells** refers to what part of the wall of alveolus ## Footnote a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Macrophages
macrophages
29
**remove dust + debris** refers to what part of the wall of alveolus ## Footnote a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Macrophages
macrophages
30
respiratory membrane **wall of capillary** is composed of what kind of tissue?
simple squamous epithelium (=endothelial cell)
31
_Blood supply to the lung_ * how many routes? * what are they called?
* 2 routes 1. pulmonary circulation 2. bronchial circulation
32
_blood supply to the lung_ pulmonary circulation =
blood to be oxygenated
33
_blood supply to the lung_ draw diagram of the pulmonary circulation
34
_blood supply to the lung_ bronchial circulation * = subdivision of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * blood to nourish \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * bronchial arteries * arise from * carry oxy blood to ______ except _______ portion * returning to heart blood drains into: * _______ vein (little blood) (to ______ - systemic) * **OR** ____________ (most blood) (to ______ - pulmonary)
* subdivision of **systemic** * blood to nourish **lung tissue** * bronchial arteries * arise from **aorta (systemic)** * carry oxy blood to **lung tissue** except **respiratory** portion * returning to heart blood drains into: * **bronchial** vein (little blood) (to **right** atrium - systemic) * **OR** pulmonary veins (most blood) to (to **left** atrium - pulmonary)
35
_blood supply to the lung_ draw diagram for **bronchial circulation**
36
_respiratory system structures_ ​​name the 5
1. pulmonary edema 2. tuberculosis 3. pulmonary embolism 4. pneumothorax 5. emphysema
37
_respiratory system structures_ 1. pulmonary edema * accumulation of
accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli
38
_respiratory system structures_ 2. tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) * thickens what? * decreased ________ and __________ area
* thickens **respiratory membrane -** lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars) * decreased **lung elasticity** and **gas exchange** area
39
_respiratory system structures_ 3. pulmonary embolism * blockage of * due to
blockage of pulmonary vaculature * due to blood clot, ateriosclerosis, air bubbles in vessels
40
respiratory system structures 4. Pneumothorax * entry of air into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * causes lung to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* entry of air into pleural cavity * causes lung to collapse
41
_respiratory system structures_ 5. emphysema * _______ breaks * ? * ? * ?
alveolar wall breaks * fewer, larger alveoli * lowers surface area for gas exchange * decreased eleasticity (hard to breathe) + recoil (less air out on exhalation)
42
**accumulation of fluid in the lungs - between cells + within alveoli** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
pulmonary edema
43
**thickens respiratory membrane - lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT (scars)** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema **​**
tuberculosis
44
**decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
tuberculosis
45
**blockage of pulmonary vasculature** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
pulmonary embolism
46
blockage of pulmonary vasculature is due to:
* blood clot * arteriosclerosis * air bubbles in vessels
47
**entry of air into pleural cavity** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
pneumothorax
48
**entry of air into pleural cavity and causes lung to collapse** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
pneumothorax
49
**alveolar walls break** refers to ## Footnote a) pulmonary edema b) tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis) c) pulmonary embolism d) pneumothorax e) emphysema
emphysema
50
_ventilation_ * muscles are all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * 1) * 2)
* muscles are all **skeletal** * **​inspiration (intake of air)** * **expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs)**
51
_ventilation_ inspiration (intake of air) * _______ + _______ \_\_\_ contract
* diaphragm + external intercoastals contract
52
_ventilation_ expiration (air moves to atmosphere from lungs) * ____________ + ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ relax * exhaling =
* diaphragm + external intercostals relax * exhaling = passive
53
how do the **diaphragm + external intercostals** differ during inspiration and expiration?
inspiration = contract expiration = relax

Anatomy (27 decks)

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