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Anatomy > Topic 20 - Special Senses > Flashcards

Topic 20 - Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Eye

  • how many layers?
  • shape of layers?
  • layers filled with what?
A
  • 3 layers
  • sphere
  • filled with fluid

3 layered sphere filled with fluid

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2
Q

structural features of the eye

A
  1. fibrous tunic
  2. vascular tunic
  3. retina (nervous (sensory) tunic)
  4. Lens
  5. Anterior segment
  6. posterior segment
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3
Q

fibrous tunic

  • list the 3 parts
A
  1. sclera (white)
  2. cornea (transparent)
  3. conjunctiva
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4
Q

what kind of tissue is the sclera composed of?

A

avascular connective tissue

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5
Q

what kind of tissue is the cornea composed of?

A

avascular connective tissue

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6
Q

conjunctive

  • covers what?
  • what does it contain?
A
  • covers anterior sclera
  • vascular mucous membrane
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7
Q

vascular mucous membrane

A

when vessels dilate = bloodshot eyes

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8
Q

when vessels dilate

A

bloodshot eyes

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9
Q

what parts of the fibrous tunic is composed of avascular CT?

A

the sclera and cornea

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10
Q

what part of the fibrous tunic is NOT composed of avascular CT

A

the conjunctiva

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11
Q

covers anterior sclera

A

conjunctiva

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12
Q

list the 4 parts of the vascular tunic

A
  1. choroid (posterior)
  2. ciliary body (anterior)
  3. iris
  4. pupil
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13
Q

choroid

  1. anterior or posterior?
  2. what does it contain?
  3. it is highly ______
A
  1. posterior
  2. contains melanin
  3. highly vascular
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14
Q

ciliary body

  1. anterior or posterior?
  2. ciliary ______ + ciliary ______ - focuses what?
A
  1. anterior
  2. ciliary muscle + ciliary processes -focus the lens
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15
Q

contains melanin and is highly vascular

A

choroid

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16
Q

iris

  • what part of the eye?
A

coloured part of the eye

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17
Q

pupil

A

hole in iris

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18
Q

hole in iris

A

pupil

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19
Q

nervous (sensory) tunic is also called what?

A

retina

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20
Q

what are the 4 parts of the retina

A
  1. outer pigmented later
  2. inner neural layer
  3. fovea centralis
  4. optic disc
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21
Q
  1. outer pigmented layer
  2. inner neural layer
  3. fovea centeralis
  4. optic disc

part of what tunic?

A

nervous tunic

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22
Q

outer pigmented layer has:

A

-

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23
Q

inner neural layer

  • how many layers of _____
  • name these layers
A
  • 3 layers of neurons
    1. ​​photoreceptors
    2. bipolar cells
    3. ganglion cells
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24
Q

photoreceptors

  • how many types?
  • list the types of photoreceptors
A
  • 2 types
    • rods (black & white)
    • cones (colour)
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25
Q

bipolar cells

A

x

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26
Q

ganglion cells

____ from ____ called ______

A

axons from optic nerve called cranial nerve II

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27
Q

cranial nerve II

A

axons from optic nerve

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28
Q

fovea centralis

  • what is focused here?
  • area of?
  • does it contain rods? cones? both?
A
  • where light is focused
  • area of greatest visual acuity
  • no rods, just cones
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29
Q

where light is focused

A

fovea centralis

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30
Q

no rods, just cones

A

fovea centralis

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31
Q

area of greatest visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

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32
Q

optic disc

  • ____ spot where __________ and ________ exit or enter _____
  • does it contain rods? cones? none? both?
A
  • blind spot where blood vessels + optic nerve EXIT eye
  • no rods OR cones
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33
Q

blind spot where blood vessels + optic nerve exit eye

A

optic disc

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34
Q

has no rods or cones

a) outerpigmented layer
b) inner neural layer
c) fovea centralis
d) optic disc

A

OPTIC DISC

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35
Q

lens

  • vascular or avascular?
  • transparent or not transparent?
  • what = clouding of lens
A

avacular, transparent

cataracts

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36
Q

cataracts

A

clouding of lens

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37
Q

anterior segment

  • anterior or posterior to lens?
  • what does it contain?
    • _____ similar to what?
A
  • anterior to lens
  • contains aqueous humor
    • fluid similar to plasma
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38
Q

fluid similar to plasma

A

aqueous humor

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39
Q

anterior to lens

A

anteior segment

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40
Q

posterior segment

  • anterior or posterior to lens?
  • contains what?
A
  • posterior to lens
  • contains vitreous humor
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41
Q

posterior to lens

A

posterior segment

42
Q

contains vitreous humor

A

posterior segment

43
Q

describe the vitreous humor

44
Q

List the structural features of the ear

A
  1. external ear
  2. middle ear
  3. inner ear (labyrinth)
  4. cochlea
  5. receptors in inner ear
45
Q

list the parts of the external ear

A
  1. auricle (pinna)
  2. external auditory canal (meatus)
  3. tympanic membrane (eardrum)
46
Q

what does the external ear conduct?

47
Q

what structural parts of the ear conducts sound?

A
  • external
  • middle
  • inner
48
Q

what are the parts of the middle ear?

A
  1. eaustachian tube
  2. ear ossicles
49
Q

auricle (pinna)

A

elastic cartilage, covered with skin

50
Q

elastic cartilage, covered with skin

A

auricle (pinna)

51
Q

external auditory canal (meatus)

52
Q

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

53
Q
  • auricle (pinna)
  • external auditory canal (meatus)
  • tympanic membrane (eardrum)

part of:

A

external ear

54
Q

middle ear

  • what does it conduct?
  • name the 2 parts
A
  • conducts sound
  • parts:
    1. eustachian tube
    2. ear ossicles
55
Q

eustachian tube

  • part of?
  • also called
A
  • part of middle ear
  • also called pharyngotympanic tube
56
Q

ear ossicles

  • part of?
  • name the 3 parts
A
  • part of middle ear
  • 3 parts:
    1. malleus
    2. incus
    3. stapes
57
Q

pharyngotympanic tube is also called

A

eustachian tube

58
Q

malleus

  • secured to what?
A
  • secured to tympanic membrane
59
Q

what part of the ear ossicle is secured to the tympanic membrane?

60
Q

incus

61
Q

stapes

  • transmits what to where via what?
A

transmits sound to inner ear via oval window

62
Q

what part of the middle ear transmits sound to inner ear via oval window

63
Q

this part of ear is composed of the eustachian tube and ear ossicles

A

middle ear

64
Q

inner ear (labyrinth)

  • conducts what?
  • name the 2 parts
A
  • contains sound
  • parts:
    1. bony labyrinth
    2. membranous labyrinth
65
Q

bony labyrinth

  • tunnels where? which contains what?
  • name the 3 parts
A
  • tunnels in temporal bone
    • ​contains perilymph
  • parts:
    1. ​ semicircular canals
    2. vestibule
    3. cochlea
66
Q

semicircular canals

  • part of what?
  • “_______”
A
  • part of bony labyrinth
  • equilibrium
67
Q

vestibule

  • part of?
  • “_______”
A
  • part of bony labyrinth
  • equilibrium
68
Q

what parts of the bony labyrinth of inner ear has this description?

“equilibrium”

A
  • semicircular canals
  • vestibule
69
Q

cochlea

  • part of?
  • “______”
A
  • part of bony labyrinth
  • hearing
70
Q

semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea is part of what?

A

bony labyrinth

71
Q

membranous labyrinth

  • surrounded and protected by what?
  • contains?
  • name the 3 parts
A
  • surrounded and protected by bony labyrinth
  • contains endolymph
  • parts:
    1. semicircular duct
    2. utricle & saccule
    3. cochlear duct
72
Q

bony labyrinth surrounds and protects what?

A

membranous labyrinth

73
Q

contains endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth

74
Q

semicircular duct

  • part of what?
  • located where?
A
  • membranous labyrinth
  • inside canals
75
Q

utricle & saccule

  • part of what?
  • located where?
A
  • part of membrane labyrinth
  • inside vestibule
76
Q

cochlear duct

  • part of what?
  • located where?
A
  • part of membranous labyrinth
  • inside cochlea
77
Q

inside cochlea

A

cochlear duct

78
Q

inside vestibule

A

utricle & saccule

79
Q

inside canals

A

semicircular duct

80
Q

structure of ear: cochlea

  • c____d
  • each _____ has how many _____
  • has 3 ______
A
  • coiled
  • each coil has 3 channels
  • has 3 membranes
81
Q

each coil has 3 channels:

  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
A
  1. scala vestibuli
  2. scala tympani
  3. cohclear duct
82
Q

scala vestibuli

  • lower of upper?
  • perilymph or endolymph?
A

upper

perilymph

83
Q

scala tympani

  • lower of upper?
  • perilymph or endolymph?
A

lower

perilymph

84
Q

list the difference and similarity between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani

A

difference

vestibuli - upper

tympani - lower

similarity

perilymph

85
Q

cochlear duct

  • upper? lower? neither?
  • perilymph or endolymph?
A

middle

endolymph

86
Q

name the 3 membranes of the cochlea

A
  1. vestibular membrane
  2. basilar membrane
  3. tectorial membrane
87
Q

vestibular membrane

  • where is it located?
A
  • between cochlear duct and scala vestibuli
88
Q

vestibular and basilar membranes of the cochlea are located between

A

cochlear duct and either the scale vestibuli or tympani

89
Q

basilar membrane

  • where is it located?
A

between cochlear duct and scala typmani

90
Q

tectorial membrane

  • covers what?
A

covers hair cells (= receptor cells)

91
Q

receptors in inner ear

=

_____ cells that ______ with ______

A

hair cells that synapse with neurons

92
Q

hair cells that synapse with neurons

  • send _____ to _____ via _____
A
  • send impulses to brain via cranial nerve VIII
93
Q

hairs

=

_____ that _____ into _______

A

hairs =

cilia that extend into endolymph

94
Q

cilia that extend into endolymph

95
Q

hairs = cilia that extend into endolymph

______ of cilia _____ in where?

A

tips of cilia embedded in tectorial membrane (stability)

96
Q

between cochlear duct and scala vestibuli

what membrane?

A

vestibular membrane

97
Q

between cochlear duct and scala tympani

what membrane?

A

basilar membrane

98
Q

covers receptor cells

A

tectorial membrane

99
Q

send impulses to brain via cranial nerve VIII

A

hair cells that synapse with neurons

100
Q

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