Topic 20 - Special Senses Flashcards
1
Q
Eye
- how many layers?
- shape of layers?
- layers filled with what?
A
- 3 layers
- sphere
- filled with fluid
3 layered sphere filled with fluid
2
Q
structural features of the eye
A
- fibrous tunic
- vascular tunic
- retina (nervous (sensory) tunic)
- Lens
- Anterior segment
- posterior segment
3
Q
fibrous tunic
- list the 3 parts
A
- sclera (white)
- cornea (transparent)
- conjunctiva
4
Q
what kind of tissue is the sclera composed of?
A
avascular connective tissue
5
Q
what kind of tissue is the cornea composed of?
A
avascular connective tissue
6
Q
conjunctive
- covers what?
- what does it contain?
A
- covers anterior sclera
- vascular mucous membrane
7
Q
vascular mucous membrane
A
when vessels dilate = bloodshot eyes
8
Q
when vessels dilate
A
bloodshot eyes
9
Q
what parts of the fibrous tunic is composed of avascular CT?
A
the sclera and cornea
10
Q
what part of the fibrous tunic is NOT composed of avascular CT
A
the conjunctiva
11
Q
covers anterior sclera
A
conjunctiva
12
Q
list the 4 parts of the vascular tunic
A
- choroid (posterior)
- ciliary body (anterior)
- iris
- pupil
13
Q
choroid
- anterior or posterior?
- what does it contain?
- it is highly ______
A
- posterior
- contains melanin
- highly vascular
14
Q
ciliary body
- anterior or posterior?
- ciliary ______ + ciliary ______ - focuses what?
A
- anterior
- ciliary muscle + ciliary processes -focus the lens
15
Q
contains melanin and is highly vascular
A
choroid
16
Q
iris
- what part of the eye?
A
coloured part of the eye
17
Q
pupil
A
hole in iris
18
Q
hole in iris
A
pupil
19
Q
nervous (sensory) tunic is also called what?
A
retina
20
Q
what are the 4 parts of the retina
A
- outer pigmented later
- inner neural layer
- fovea centralis
- optic disc
21
Q
- outer pigmented layer
- inner neural layer
- fovea centeralis
- optic disc
part of what tunic?
A
nervous tunic
22
Q
outer pigmented layer has:
A
-
23
Q
inner neural layer
- how many layers of _____
- name these layers
A
-
3 layers of neurons
- photoreceptors
- bipolar cells
- ganglion cells
24
Q
photoreceptors
- how many types?
- list the types of photoreceptors
A
- 2 types
- rods (black & white)
- cones (colour)
25
bipolar cells
x
26
ganglion cells
\_\_\_\_ from ____ called \_\_\_\_\_\_
axons from optic nerve called **cranial nerve II**
27
cranial nerve II
axons from optic nerve
28
fovea centralis
* what is focused here?
* area of?
* does it contain rods? cones? both?
* where **light** is focused
* area of **greatest visual acuity**
* **no rods, just cones**
29
where light is focused
fovea centralis
30
no rods, just cones
fovea centralis
31
area of greatest visual acuity
fovea centralis
32
optic disc
* ____ spot where __________ and ________ exit or enter \_\_\_\_\_
* does it contain rods? cones? none? both?
* **blind spot** where **blood vessels** + **optic nerve EXIT** **eye**
* **no rods OR cones**
33
blind spot where blood vessels + optic nerve exit eye
optic disc
34
has no rods or cones
## Footnote
a) outerpigmented layer
b) inner neural layer
c) fovea centralis
d) optic disc
OPTIC DISC
35
lens
* vascular or avascular?
* transparent or not transparent?
* what = clouding of lens
avacular, transparent
cataracts
36
cataracts
clouding of lens
37
anterior segment
* anterior or posterior to lens?
* what does it contain?
* _____ similar to what?
* anterior to lens
* contains aqueous humor
* fluid similar to plasma
38
fluid similar to plasma
aqueous humor
39
anterior to lens
anteior segment
40
posterior segment
* anterior or posterior to lens?
* contains what?
* posterior to lens
* contains vitreous humor
41
posterior to lens
posterior segment
42
contains vitreous humor
posterior segment
43
describe the vitreous humor
gel-like
44
List the structural features of the ear
1. external ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear (labyrinth)
4. cochlea
5. receptors in inner ear
45
list the parts of the **external ear**
1. auricle (pinna)
2. external auditory canal (meatus)
3. tympanic membrane (eardrum)
46
what does the **external ear** conduct?
sound
47
what structural parts of the ear conducts sound?
* external
* middle
* inner
48
what are the parts of the middle ear?
1. eaustachian tube
2. ear ossicles
49
auricle (pinna)
elastic cartilage, covered with skin
50
elastic cartilage, covered with skin
auricle (pinna)
51
external auditory canal (meatus)
x
52
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
x
53
* auricle (pinna)
* external auditory canal (meatus)
* tympanic membrane (eardrum)
part of:
external ear
54
middle ear
* what does it conduct?
* name the 2 parts
* conducts **sound**
* parts:
1. **eustachian tube**
2. **ear ossicles**
55
eustachian tube
* part of?
* also called
* part of **middle ear**
* also called **pharyngotympanic tube**
56
ear ossicles
* part of?
* name the 3 parts
* part of **middle ear**
* **3 parts:**
1. **malleus**
2. **incus**
3. **stapes**
57
pharyngotympanic tube is also called
eustachian tube
58
malleus
* secured to what?
* secured to **tympanic membrane**
59
what part of the ***ear ossicle*** is secured to the tympanic membrane?
malleus
60
incus
x
61
stapes
* transmits what to where via what?
transmits **sound** to **inner ear** via **oval window**
62
what part of the middle ear *transmits sound to inner ear via oval window*
stapes
63
this part of ear is composed of the eustachian tube and ear ossicles
middle ear
64
inner ear (labyrinth)
* conducts what?
* name the 2 parts
* contains sound
* parts:
1. bony labyrinth
2. membranous labyrinth
65
bony labyrinth
* tunnels where? which contains what?
* name the 3 parts
* tunnels in **temporal bone**
* ****contains **perilymph**
* parts:
1. ** semicircular canals**
2. **vestibule**
3. **cochlea**
66
semicircular canals
* part of what?
* "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_"
* part of **bony labyrinth**
* equilibrium
67
vestibule
* part of?
* "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_"
* part of **bony labyrinth**
* equilibrium
68
what parts of the bony labyrinth of inner ear has this description?
"*equilibrium"*
* semicircular canals
* vestibule
69
cochlea
* part of?
* "\_\_\_\_\_\_"
* part of bony labyrinth
* hearing
70
semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea is part of what?
bony labyrinth
71
membranous labyrinth
* surrounded and protected by what?
* contains?
* name the 3 parts
* surrounded and protected by **bony labyrinth**
* contains **endolymph**
* parts:
1. **semicircular duct**
2. **utricle & saccule**
3. **cochlear duct**
72
bony labyrinth surrounds and protects what?
membranous labyrinth
73
contains endolymph
membranous labyrinth
74
semicircular duct
* part of what?
* located where?
* membranous labyrinth
* **inside canals**
75
utricle & saccule
* part of what?
* located where?
* part of membrane labyrinth
* inside vestibule
76
cochlear duct
* part of what?
* located where?
* part of membranous labyrinth
* inside cochlea
77
inside cochlea
cochlear duct
78
inside vestibule
utricle & saccule
79
inside canals
semicircular duct
80
structure of ear: **cochlea**
* c\_\_\_\_d
* each _____ has how many \_\_\_\_\_
* has 3 \_\_\_\_\_\_
* coiled
* each **coil** has **3 channels**
* has **3 membranes**
81
each coil has 3 channels:
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
1. scala vestibuli
2. scala tympani
3. cohclear duct
82
scala vestibuli
* lower of upper?
* perilymph or endolymph?
upper
perilymph
83
scala tympani
* lower of upper?
* perilymph or endolymph?
lower
perilymph
84
list the difference and similarity between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani
**difference**
vestibuli - upper
tympani - lower
**similarity**
perilymph
85
cochlear duct
* upper? lower? neither?
* perilymph or endolymph?
middle
endolymph
86
name the 3 membranes of the cochlea
1. vestibular membrane
2. basilar membrane
3. tectorial membrane
87
vestibular membrane
* where is it located?
* between **cochlear duct** and **scala vestibuli**
88
vestibular and basilar membranes of the cochlea are located between
cochlear duct and either the scale vestibuli or tympani
89
basilar membrane
* where is it located?
between **cochlear duct** and **scala typmani**
90
tectorial membrane
* covers what?
covers **hair cells** (= receptor cells)
91
receptors in inner ear
=
\_\_\_\_\_ cells that ______ with \_\_\_\_\_\_
**hair** cells that **synapse** with **neurons**
92
hair cells that synapse with neurons
* send _____ to _____ via \_\_\_\_\_
* send **impulses** to **brain** via **cranial nerve VIII**
93
hairs
=
\_\_\_\_\_ that _____ into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
hairs =
**cilia** that **extend** into **endolymph**
94
cilia that extend into endolymph
hairs
95
hairs = cilia that extend into endolymph
\_\_\_\_\_\_ of cilia _____ in where?
**tips** of cilia **embedded** in **tectorial membrane (stability)**
96
between cochlear duct and scala vestibuli
what membrane?
vestibular membrane
97
between cochlear duct and scala tympani
what membrane?
basilar membrane
98
covers receptor cells
tectorial membrane
99
send impulses to brain via cranial nerve VIII
hair cells that synapse with neurons
100
REVIEW :)
