Topic 5: Unikonts II (Intro to Animals) Flashcards
What kind of consumers are animals considered and what does that mean? What kind of trait is it?
heterotrophic
depends on the producers for energy
ingest and digest internally
ancestral trait of all animals
SDT (A1)?
Multicellular
SDT (A2)? What does this mean?
Extracellular matrix: proteins outside of cell membrane
- these proteins connect and support cells, mostly made of collagen
What do most animals have? What do many animals have? Define both.
most have differentiated tissue: groups of cells with common structure and function
many have differential organs: specialized structures made up of tissues
How do animals reproduce? Diploid/haploid? What process is used? What is produced? How is a zygote formed?
usually sexual
usually diplod-dominant
meiosis - produce haploid sperm/egg
fertilization: small flagellated sperm fuses with larger, non-motile egg
SDT(A3)?
Early embrygonic development pattern
What is cleavage?
mitotic divisions without growth
What is blastulation? What does it lead to?
cell migration, forming a hollow ball of cells
produces blastula
What is blastula?
hollow ball of cells around blastocoel
What is blastocoel?
empty space
What is gastrulation? What does it produce?
process of inward folding of blastula
produces gastrula and germ layers
What are the components of a gastrula?
endoderm (inside part), ectoderm (outside part), archenteron (empty space) = ancient intestine, blastopore (entrance to the archenteron
SDT(A4)?
homeobox genes
What do homeobox genes do?
they code for proteins that regulate expression of developmental genes
control expression of many genes
Define symmetry
the arrangement of body structure in relation to axis of body
Define asymmetry
no plane of symmetry through body
Define radial symmetry
any plane through longitudinal axis -> mirror images
Define bilateral symmetry. What is it related to?
only 1 plane through longitudinal axis -> mirror images
related to cephalization: development of a head with central nervous system and sense organs
- facilitates complex movement
Define dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior
dorsal = back/top ventral = stomach side anterior = towards head posterior = towards bottom
What are germ layers?
concentric layers of embryonic tissue
What is:
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm = outer layer; outer covering, nervous system endoderm = inner layer; lines digestive tube, other organs (lungs) mesoderm = middle layer; muscles, skeleton, etc.
Describe diploblasts
they only have an endoderm and ectoderm
Describe triploblasts
they have an endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
What is a coelom and what does it apply to?
it is a body cavity fluid-filled space between body wall and digestive tube
it only applies to triploblasts
