Topic 1: Classification & Virology Flashcards
What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution? (5 finger rule)
- small population
- non-random mating
- mutations
- gene flow
- adaptations
What is evolution?
accumulation of genetic changes within a POPULATION over time
What are dichotomies?
two way branches
What are the 3 domains on the tree of life?
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
What is a virus and what is it made up of?
“non-living particles”
they are subcellular, intracellular parasites
they are made up of a capsid and genome
What is a virus’ genetic material made up of?
pretty much anything! DNA/RNA single stranded, double stranded or both linear, circular, or segmented 2-1000+ genes
What is a capsid?
it is a protein coat that surrounds genome
it is found in all viruses
made of CAPSOMERES: capsid proteins
Determine morphology, involved in attachment to host cell
What is an envelope?
it is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid
only some viruses have it
acquired from host
contains host and virus proteins
What is the general cycle of viral replication similar to?
the lytic cycle
Explain the 5 steps of the general cycle of viral replication?
bind to host cell -> genome enters cell -> genome replication & gene expression -> assembly -> exit
What happens during the lytic cycle?
What kind of transmission occurs?
same as the general cycle
horizontal transmission
What happens during the lysogenic cycle?
What kind of transmission occurs?
the viral genome gets replicated but the host cell is NOT destroyed
vertical transmission occurs
What are the 2 phage types and what kind of replication do they go under?
Temperate phage: capable of lytic & lysogenic replication
Virulent phage: capable of ONLY lytic replication
