Topic 5

Question 1

Reservoir of genetic information is

Answer 1

the individual

Question 2

DNA stands for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

DNA composed of

Answer 3

4 different nucleotides arranges in alpha helix (A, C, T, G)

Question 4

DNA is contained on

Answer 4

threadlike structures called chromosomes

Question 5

Chromosomes come in

Answer 5

matched pairs. one from each parent

Question 6

DNA is organized into

Answer 6

discrete subunits called genes (code for a protein)

Question 7

Tay saches disease

Answer 7

individual doesn’t produce an enzyme (protein) called hexosaminidase A without which fatty tissue develops around nerve cells

Question 8

Locus

Answer 8

particular location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 9

Alleles

Answer 9

two or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 10

Heterozygote

Answer 10

individual that has different alleles at a locus on the pair of chromosomes (Aa)

Question 11

Homozygote

Answer 11

individual that has same alleles at locus on the pair of chromosomes

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

all genetic characteristics of an individual. encoded in DNA. FIXED for the lifetime. (set of genetic instructions)

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

interaction of the genotype of an individual with its environment. physiology, appearance or behaviour expression. (not fixed may change)

Question 14

Mendelian inheritance

Answer 14

breeding of two individuals results in multiple combinations of alleles. how genetic variation is maintained

Question 15

1 allele is present on

Answer 15

each chromosome of a parent

Question 16

1 chromosome is present in

Answer 16

each gamete produced by a parent

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

combine in offspring to form new combination of alleles

Question 18

Genetic recombination

Answer 18

all possible allele combinations from random mating of any combination of individuals in a population

Question 19

Medelian inheritance

Answer 19

how genetic variation is maintained

Question 20

Phenotypic expression can be/often is..

Answer 20

continuous

Question 21

More than one set of genes is responsible for..

Answer 21

a particular trait

Question 22

Gene expression can also be affected by ..

Answer 22

the environment

Question 23

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 23

ability of a genotype to alter its phenotypic expression under different environmental conditions

Question 24

Phenotypic variation can be expressed as ..

Answer 24

• discrete

- continuous

Question 25

Discrete phenotypic variation

Answer 25

alternative forms, ex:insects like bees and ants. the two types of larvae hatch with essentially the same genetic material but different duties (queens or workers)

Question 26

Continuous phenotypic variation

Answer 26

continuous variations form

Question 27

Reaction norm

Answer 27

relationship between response of a continuously varying trait and environmental conditions

Question 28

1 genotype can result in..

Answer 28

many phenotypes

Question 29

Daphnie

Answer 29

respond pigmentation to varying UV radiation so level of pigment varies continuously to response to UV and predator (continuous variation)

Question 30

The individual

Answer 30

reservoir of genetic information, unit of evolution

Question 31

The population

Answer 31

group of individuals of the same species living together, where the effects of evolution are observed

Question 32

Species rarely consist of..

Answer 32

single continuous interbreeding population

Question 33

Metapopulation

Answer 33

groups of sub populations consisting of interbreeding individuals. linked by the movements between subpopulations

Question 34

Gene pool

Answer 34

sum of genetic information of all individuals within a population

Question 35

Hardy Weinberg Principle

Answer 35

genetic composition (allele frequencies) within a population does not change (evolutions doesn’t occur) unless one of his assumptions are broken

Question 36

Hardy Weinberg Principle assumptions

Answer 36

• no mutations
• no migrations
• large population size
• random mating
• no selection