Topic 22

Question 1

Parasitoids

Answer 1

a parasite that kills its host (Ichneumonid wasp larvae)

Question 2

Sometimes only certain life stages of the species are..

Answer 2

parasitic and other may be free living.

Question 3

Manipulative parasites

Answer 3

toxic plasma ucangimm, rats take an interest to cats which passes onto cats and can pass to humans

Question 4

More living things on this planet are..

Answer 4

parasitic than are not

Question 5

Hyperparasitism

Answer 5

parasite that paralyzed a parasite (parasite of a parasite)

Question 6

Nature of parasitism can also be ..

Answer 6

behavioural and non represent a direct feeding on the host while still ultimately draining its resources

Question 7

Brood parasitism

Answer 7

introduction of offspring (often eggs) to the nest of a different species resulting in the parasitized species raising the young (cowbirds/birds)

Question 8

Dutch elm disease

Answer 8

fungal parasite, passes through elmbark beetle.

Question 9

Hosts have developed..

Answer 9

response mechanisms as defence against parasites. attempt to minimize impacts and reduces risk of infection

Question 10

Hosts groom and preen too..

Answer 10

remove ectoparasites

Question 11

Inflammatory response for..

Answer 11

endoparasites.. increased blood flow and white blood cells enter sit of infection

Question 12

Internal reactions produce cysts to ..

Answer 12

enclose and isolate parasite (common in nematode infections in pork/bear)

Question 13

Galls in plants

Answer 13

swollen knobs of tissue around insect or bacterial parasite. attract predator of the parasite, serves no benefit to plant but provides protection to insect larvae

Question 14

During coevolution host-parasite and predator-prey relationship may become..

Answer 14

beneficial to both species

Question 15

Mutualism

Answer 15

relationship between two species where both species benefit

Question 16

Mutualism individuals of both species ..

Answer 16

enhance their survival, growth and or reproduction.

Question 17

Mutualism, reciprocal exploration

Answer 17

both animals ares taking advantage of the other

Question 18

Cooperative effort

Answer 18

neither can exist without the other

Question 19

Mutualism involve many..

Answer 19

diverse interactions that extend beyond simply acquiring essential resources

Question 20

Mutualism are generally characterized by..

Answer 20

benefits gained, degree of dependency, degree of specificity, duration of intimacy

Question 21

Example of mutualism

Answer 21

corals, between cnidarian polyp and photosynthetic algae

Question 22

Commensalism

Answer 22

relationship between two species were one species benefits without significant affecting other. uncommon/unrealistic

Question 23

Examples of commensalism

Answer 23

barnacle/whale and shark/remora

Question 24

Interactions influence the..

Answer 24

presence and abundance of species

Question 25

3 types of symbiosis

Answer 25

• parasitism
• mutualism
• commensalism

Question 26

Symbiosis

Answer 26

intimate relationship between 2 organisms. one or both depend on other for survival. can be positive neutral or negative

Question 27

Parasitism

Answer 27

parasite, host (+/-)

Question 28

Mutualism

Answer 28

sp.1 and sp. 2 (+/+)

Question 29

Commensalism

Answer 29

commensal, host (+/0)

Question 30

Parasitism is a relationship between

Answer 30

organisms of different species. one species benefits and other is harmed.

Question 31

Parasites increase their fitness by exploiting..

Answer 31

host organism, for food, habitat, dispersal

Question 32

Both parasite and host can

Answer 32

regulate each others populations growth

Question 33

Parasites tend to not..

Answer 33

kill their hosts. there is no advantage because dead host = dead parasite.

Question 34

Host6 uses energy to defend against…

Answer 34

the parasite and redirects energy from growth and reproduction

Question 35

Results of host using energy to defend against parasite

Answer 35

• decreases reproductive success
• increased mortality due to secondary infection
• increase mortality due to increase susceptibility to predation

Question 36

Parasites can be ..

Answer 36

specialists, generalists, short lived or long lived

Question 37

Micro-parasites includes

Answer 37

viruses, bacteria, fungi. small size and develop rapidly

Question 38

Macro parasites includes

Answer 38

flatworms, roundworms, live, fleas, ticks, rusts and smuts. larger size and develop slower

Question 39

Ectoparasites

Answer 39

live on skin, within the hair or feathers of host

Question 40

Endoparasites

Answer 40

live within the hosts body, in the heart, brain, spinal cord, nasal tracts, lungs, etc

Question 41

Direct transmission

Answer 41

parasite is transferred from one host to another directly. influenza, small pox, STD, fleas, ticks, water air.

Question 42

Indirect transmission

Answer 42

parasite is transferred from one host to an intermediate and then to another host, malaria, protozoan parasite.