Topic 14

Question 1

Life tables can be used to..

Answer 1

determine if a population grows from one generation to the next

Question 2

Population growth models are used to..

Answer 2

estimate population size many generations in the future.

Question 3

Imagine a closed population

Answer 3

• no immigration
• no emigration
• births increase population
• deaths decrease population

Question 4

To determine a change in population size (N) from one point in time to sometime later =

Answer 4

N (later) = N(now) + Births - Deaths

Question 5

Geometric model assumes..

Answer 5

discrete breeding

Question 6

Geometric model

Answer 6

population only grows during the breeding season.

Question 7

Average number of offspring left by an individual during one time interval

Answer 7

greek symbol upside down Y (same as R0)

Question 8

Population increases by…

Answer 8

factor of upside down Y ^ of breeding interval

Question 9

Exponential model assumes..

Answer 9

continuous breeding

Question 10

Exponential model

Answer 10

population grows continuously through the year. population increases by factors of e^r

Question 11

r =

Answer 11

= b - d

exponential growth rate of the population between time 0 and time t (not the same as R0)

Question 12

e =

Answer 12

base of natural logarithm

Question 13

Rate of change in a population size over a specific time person is equal to the..

Answer 13

average birth rate minus the average death rate multiplied by the number of individuals in the population at the start of the time period

Question 14

dN/dt =

Answer 14

slope of population growth curve at a particular point in time

Question 15

Rate of population growth directly effects the ..

Answer 15

size of the population (increased exponentially)

Question 16

Intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 16

r is considered to be an instantaneous rate of increase

Question 17

Underlying principles of intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 17

• r is individual or “per capita” contribution to population growth
• dN/dt varies in direct proportion to N at that instant
• r is constant through time

Question 18

Geometric vs exponential

Answer 18

curves depicting geometric and exponential population growth can be superimposed there is direct relationship between them

Question 19

Exponential model assumptions

Answer 19

• all individuals have the same average b and d rates
• b and d are constant through time
• b and d occur continuously
• no migration (I or E) the population is closed
• resources are unlimited

Question 20

When population size is low..

Answer 20

no competition (resources are unlimited). populations grows at the intrinsic rate of increase r (exponential growth = highest growth potential)

Question 21

When population size is high..

Answer 21

competition increases (resources become limited). population size levels off and r = 0

Question 22

1 underlying assumptions violated

Answer 22

all individuals have the same average b and d rates. (diff age classes generally have diff b and d rates)

Question 23

2 underlying assumptions violated

Answer 23

b and d (r) are constant through time.

Question 24

Populations rarely have constant b and d because

Answer 24

• age distribution of a population changes through time

- environmental conditions change through time and continuously influence b, d and r (=b-d)

Question 25

Consider r the highest growth rate that the population have potential to achieve if

Answer 25

• the population have a stable age distriubtion

- b and d remain constant over time

Question 26

3 underlying assumptions violated

Answer 26

no migration (I or E) the population is closed

Question 27

4 underlying assumptions violated

Answer 27

resources are unlimited

Question 28

A large population with a relatively low growth rate can still.

Answer 28

greatly increase in size

Question 29

Universe is limited to ..

Answer 29

10^80 atoms

Question 30

A single E. Coli with its high growth rate (r) would otherwise reach a population size of 10^80 individuals in just..

Answer 30

6 days

Question 31

Resources are never truly ..

Answer 31

unlimited!