Topic 21

Question 1

Interspecific competition

Answer 1

interaction between individuals of different species brought about by a shared requirement for a resource in limited supply

Question 2

Interspecific has a negative effect on..

Answer 2

both species, each species contributed to the regulation of the other population as well as its own

Question 3

Interspecific has a less obvious effects than ..

Answer 3

predation (reduction in growth reproduction and survival)

Question 4

Fundamental niche

Answer 4

full range of conditions/resources used by a species to survive/reproduce . (competition restricts a species to a portion of its fundamental niche)

Question 5

Realized niche

Answer 5

the portion of fundamental niche a species actually explains as a result of competition (species may occupy the portion of their fundamental niche that doesn’t allow highest growth and reproduction)

Question 6

Niche overlap

Answer 6

when 2 or more species use a portion of the same resource simultaneously (amount of overlap degree of potential competition for that resource)

Question 7

3 possible outcomes when one species is introduced to an area where another species exist

Answer 7

• coexistence without competition (not limited)
• coexistence with competition (moderately limited)
• one species is eliminated (resource extremely limited)n

Question 8

Coexistence with competition

Answer 8

results in reduction in 1 or both populations

Question 9

Asymmetrical competition

Answer 9

one species is strongly affected

Question 10

Competitively dominant

Answer 10

species least affected by competition

Question 11

One species is eliminated

Answer 11

competitive exclusion principle

Question 12

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 12

2 spices that have the same resource requirement cannot coexist when those resources are scarce

Question 13

Plants compete with neighbouring plants of the same or different species results in

Answer 13

changes in growth rates, plant size, shape, reproduction

Question 14

Plant interactions are complicated by

Answer 14

• roots occupy soil

- stems and leaves occupy atmosphere

Question 15

Root competition

Answer 15

water and nutrients (roots occupy soil)

Question 16

Shoot competition

Answer 16

light (stems and leaves)

Question 17

In competition between plants ..

Answer 17

even the stronger species will have a decrease in growth

Question 18

Evidence in animals comes from

Answer 18

• contraction of a fundamental niche in the presence of another competing species
• expansion of a realized riche in the absence of another competing species (competitive release)

Question 19

Experimental plots

Answer 19

remove one species and see how the other spices responds

Question 20

Interspecific competition functionally reduces..

Answer 20

the carrying capacity of the environment for all species involved

Question 21

Competitive exclusion

Answer 21

leads to number of questions: how can similar species compete for same limited resources and co exist? etc

Question 22

Environmental gradients

Answer 22

abiotic factors or resources exist along a gradient (continuum) some portions will be optimal for particular species but not for others, results in on species having competitive advantages under one set of conditions

Question 23

Temporal variations

Answer 23

allow for competitive advantages that change over time. changes which species will be the more successful competitor. no species reaches sufficient density to displace its competitor and both coexist

Question 24

Multiple resources

Answer 24

interspecific competition often involves more than one single resource. competition for on resources effects the other resources. usually occurs in related species (territorial birds)

Question 25

Resource partitioning

Answer 25

often species can coexist by resource specialization. reduce the bread of each species niche so there is no longer as much overlap. reduce competition each species exploits a portion of the resources unavailable to others