Topic 18

Question 1

Intraspecific competition

Answer 1

interaction between individuals of the same species brought about by a shared requirement for a resource in limited supply

Question 2

Intraspecific competition results in

Answer 2

reduced survival, growth, and/or reproduction of some individuals

Question 3

2 types of intraspecific competition

Answer 3

• exploitation (scramble)

- interference (contest)

Question 4

Exploitation (scramble) competition

Answer 4

individual responds to a decreases level of a limited resource remaining after it have been exploited by other individuals. they DONT interact directly.

Question 5

Interference (contest) competition

Answer 5

individual actually prevents another from exploiting a limited resource within a portion of the habitat. DO interact directly

Question 6

Results of competition

Answer 6

decrease net energy gain, energy loss increase and energy gain decrease

Question 7

Low competition =

Answer 7

reduced growth

Question 8

Moderate competition =

Answer 8

reduced growth, and reproduction

Question 9

High competition =

Answer 9

reduced growth, reproduction, survival

Question 10

Consumption rates decrease with..

Answer 10

increasing number of competitors (density dependent)

Question 11

Ideal free distribution

Answer 11

resources aren’t evenly distributed (are in patches)

Question 12

Aggregative response in ideal distribution

Answer 12

predators concentrate where prey density is high. due to high consumption rates

Question 13

Competitive interactions in ideal distribution can lower…

Answer 13

consumption rates, patches w highest prey density is not always the best

Question 14

Model assumptions of ideal distribution

Answer 14

• number of prey patches that vary in quality
• competitors are ‘free’ to exploit all patches (can move ‘freely’ among patches)
• individual prey consumption rates decline with increasing numbers of competitors in the patch
• individuals have equal competitive abilities
• animals distribute themselves ‘ideally’ among patches to obtain highest consumption rates (maximize net energy gain to ensure high fitness)`

Question 15

At equilibrium distribution

Answer 15

the consumption rates of individuals are equal for all competitors in all patches

Question 16

Can be a dynamic equilibrium if..

Answer 16

individuals are constantly moving among the available patches.

Question 17

Individuals in lowest quality patch will not gain..

Answer 17

access to more prey if they move to a higher quality patch

Question 18

Ideal free distribution

Answer 18

pre cut, weighed bread pieces. identify individual ducks, same input rate at A and
B. total of 33 ducks, predict 17 ducks per station. did distribute exactly as predicted, station A x2 > station B. second predict 11 ducks at station b.