Topic 4 - Kroll And Crenshaw Flashcards
What was the aim?
Investigated if there is a difference in the personality profiles of high-level athletes in 4 different sports
What was the sample?
387 male athletes
How many karateka?
71
How many gymnasts?
141
How many wrestlers?
94
How many American Football players?
81
What questionnaires did they complete?
Cattell’s 16 personality factors and MMPI
What was the MMPI for?
Checking for validity
What is univariate analysis?
Involves comparing each pair of sports against each other on each of the 16 personality traits
What is multivariate analysis?
Involves comparing all athletic groups on all 16 personality traits at once (to see which factors accounted for the biggest difference between groups)
What difference was there between football and wrestling?
No differences
What difference was there between football and gymnastics?
Social boldness, emotional stability, self-reliance, vigilance
What difference was there between football and karate?
Self-reliance, social boldness, vigilance, rule consciousness
What difference was there between wrestling and gymnastics?
Social boldness, reasoning, self-reliance, openness to change
What difference was there between wrestling and karate?
Self reliance, tension, privateness, rule consciousness
What difference was there between gymnastics and karate?
Tension, rule consciousness, liveliness, reasoning
What does the lack of differences between American footballers and wrestlers mean?
Share similar personality profiles
What sports were more group dependence and less self-reliant?
Footballers and wrestlers
What sports were less group dependence and more self-reliant?
Gymnasts and wrestlers
What was the main difference between gymnasts and wrestlers / footballers?
Factor H (shy vs venturesome)
What was the most distinct group and why?
Gymnasts because they were the most serious and intelligent of all 4 groups
What was the main conclusion?
Successful athletes in different sports do seem to have different personalities
What was the key conclusion factor?
Group dependence (athletes in individual sports such as gymnastics and karate tend to be more self-reliant)
