Topic 4 - Gas Exchange

Question 1

what system have insects developed for gas exchange?

Answer 1

tracheal system

Question 2

what are the pores on trachea surface called?

insect trachea

Answer 2

spiracles

air moves through these

Question 3

trachea branch into…?

Answer 3

tracheoles

Question 4

what are tracheoles used for

Answer 4

air to reach each individual cell

Question 5

what facilitates the moving of air in and out of the spiracles?

Answer 5

rhythmic abdominal movement

Question 6

true/false

concentration is higher outsuide the cell rather than inside

Answer 6

true

Question 7

carbon dioxide and oxygen move up or down concentration gradient?

Answer 7

down

CO2 moves down - into spiracles - into atmosphere

Question 8

how does CO2 move from inside cell into the atmosphere?

Answer 8

CO2 moves down - into spiracles - into atmosphere

Question 9

fish

what is the gas exchange organ for fish?

Answer 9

the gills

Question 10

what helps increase S.A on the gills

Answer 10

thin plates called gill fillaments

Question 11

Tiny structures on gill fillaments that increase S.A further - called?

Answer 11

lamellae

Question 12

what does the lamellae contain lots of?

Answer 12

blood capillaries

Question 13

how do gasses move?

what type of concentration to another type of concentratuon?

Answer 13

high to low concentration

Question 14

what type of system runs in the lamellae to facillitate blood flow in one direction, and water in another?

Answer 14

counter-current system

Question 15

how does 02 flow theough the concentration of blood and water?

high/low 02 in water - high/low 02 in blood

Answer 15

high 02 in water - low 02 in blood

Question 16

what type of circulation do mammals have?

double or single

Answer 16

double circulation

Question 17

what type of circulation do fish have?

double/single?

Answer 17

single

Question 18

mammals

path blood travels along

order from heart to body and back

Answer 18

heart - body - heart - lungs - heart

we have a double pump

Question 19

fish

path blood travels along?

order from heart to body and back

Answer 19

heart - body - heart

Question 20

mammalian gaseous exchange system

what is at the end of each bronchiole

Answer 20

aveolar ducts

Question 21

each duct contains abt 100 aveolar sacs.
how many aveoli per sec?

random to know

Answer 21

contains abt 30

Question 22

properties of aveoli and functions to it:

Answer 22

• 1 cell thick walls - shorter diffusion distance
• thin walls contain elastic fibres - stretch and recoil to help expel and air maintain the concentration gradient. AND inrease suface area
• folded walls - increase surface area

Question 23

02 is transfered from aveoli to ..?

Answer 23

capillaries, directly into the blood

Question 24

path that air takes from beginning to the blood?

Answer 24

mouth/nose - trachea - bronchus - bronchioles - aveoli - blood (capillaries)

Question 25

Gas exchange in flowering in plants

what part of a plant has a large S.A:volume. why?

Answer 25

leaves - broad and flat

Question 26

what on leaves provides a large suface area?

Answer 26

stomata

Question 27

what cells open the stomata?

Answer 27

gaurd cells

Question 28

how to gaurd cells open the stomata?

Answer 28

due to influx of water into the gaurd cells

Question 29

CO2 enters stomata via…?

through stomata makes diffusion faster

Answer 29

diffusion

Question 30

thin leaves provide a …. diffusion distance

Answer 30

short

Question 31

what cell serves for gas exchange?

starts with an m

Answer 31

mesophyll cells (middle leaf)

Question 32

what are the name of the pores in mesophyll cells?

Answer 32

stomata

Question 33

what helps maintain concentration gradients?

Answer 33

air movement around the leaf

Question 34

lenticel?
develop?

Answer 34

small raised pores
develop on woody stems - when epidermis is replaced by bark

Question 35

funtion of lenticels:

Answer 35

allow escape of CO2 and entrance of 02