Topic 1 - Proteins

Question 1

Proteins?
- what makes up proteins?

Answer 1

• Most abundant organic molecules in living systems
• amino acids (monomers)

Question 2

Primary structure?

Answer 2

-Linear
- peptide bonds
- linked by disulfide bonding

Question 3

Secondary structure?

Answer 3

• Repeated pattern
  (-Alpha helicase OR beta pleated sheets)

Question 4

Tertiary structure?

+2examples

Answer 4

• 3D folding of secondary
  (Enzymes, antibodies, heamoglobin)

Question 5

Quaternary structure?

Answer 5

• 3D of 1+ tertiary peptide chain
  (- hemoglobin, DNA polymerase, ribosomes, antibodies, ion channel)

Question 6

4 types of bonds?

Answer 6

• peptide (2D)
  -Hydrogen
  -Disulfide
• ionic (3D)

Question 7

Hydrogen bonds?

Answer 7

• H + O
• ph + temperature → (enzymes denature)
• electrostatic attraction

Question 8

Disulfide bonds?

Answer 8

• Rgrp must have sulfide in → only cysteine
• oxidation reaction
• strong corelent bonds

Question 9

Ionic bonds?

Answer 9

-Rgrp → ions (-ve /+ve)

Question 10

2 types of protein?

Answer 10

• Fibrous
• globular

Question 11

Example of fibrous protein?

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

Example of globular protein?

Answer 12

haemoglobin

Question 13

Collagen - found where?
- what kind of chains and bonds?
- now is it wound?

Answer 13

• Most common protein in animals
• 3 alpha helix chains (hydrogen bonds + some covalent bonds)
  (Triple helix) - wound like a rope

Question 14

Hemoglobin

Answer 14

→ 4 polypeptide chains
→ 4 haem grps - bind to 1 oxygen
→ quaternary structure

Question 15

Haem grp → not made up of?
→ called a — grp?

Answer 15

• Not made of amino acids
• called a prosthetic grp

Question 16

2 types of globins that make a hemoglobin?

Answer 16

1.) alpha-globin
2.) beta-globin

Question 17

2 haemoglobin chains?
Other 2 haemoglobin chains?

(Made up of what?)

Answer 17

2= alpha chains → made from alpha globin
2= beta chains → made from beta globin