Topic 6 - Action of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

Question 1

drugs against microorganisms

Antimicrobial drugs work using …………………

…….. toxicity

Answer 1

-Anrimicrobial drugs work using selective toxicity

Question 2

drugs against microorganisms

how do antimicrobial drugs work?

interfere

Answer 2

-interfere w/ functiom + metabolism of pathogen -> dont affect host

Question 3

drugs against microorganisms

do antimicrobial drugs affect the host cell?

Answer 3

no.

Question 4

whats the most common antimicrobial drug?

Answer 4

antibiotics (bacteria and fungus)

Question 5

what antibiotic drug was 1st widely used?

Answer 5

penecillin

Question 6

what determines which process antibiotics disrupt?

Answer 6

the class of antibiotics

Question 7

2 used of antibiotics

bacteriacida + ____ definitions

Answer 7

-used to fight infrction by killing bacteria and stopping their growth
-disrupts chemistry of bacterial cells

Question 8

effects of antibiotics?

depends on …..
can be _ or __

Answer 8

-depends on dose given
-can be broad or narrow

Question 9

2 types of antibiotics:

Answer 9

-bacteriocidal
-bacteriostatic

Question 10

bacterio__static__

what does it do?

Answer 10

-inhibits growth of microorganism

Question 11

bacteria__cidal__

what does it do?

Answer 11

will __kill__ almost all pathogens

Question 12

how do bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth of microorganisms?

Answer 12

-stopping protein synthesis + production of nucleic acids -> bacteria cant grow / divide

Question 13

what do bacteriostatic antibioticswork along side

Answer 13

work alongside immune system

Question 14

bacteriostatic antibiotics

are they good for everyday infections?

Answer 14

yes.

Question 15

example of bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 15

tetracycline

Question 16

Tetracycline affects which type of bacteria (gram?)

Answer 16

gram -

Question 17

How do bacteriacidal antibiotics kill almost all pathogens?

Answer 17

kills the cell wall -> causing them to burst.

Question 18

when are bacteriacidal antibiotics used

for what?

Answer 18

-used for servere + dangerous infections
- ppl with a suppresed immune systems

Question 19

Example of bacteriacidal antibiotics?

Answer 19

Penicillin

Question 20

Penicillin affects what type of bacteria (gram?)

Answer 20

gram +

Question 21

Factors that affect effectivenessof an antibiotic:

4

Answer 21

• dose
• concentration of drug in area of the body infected
  - how easily drug can reach infected area
• if course is finished
• pH levels
• whether pathogen / host destroys antibiotic
• how affected is the pathogen by antibiotics - resistant?

Question 22

Drug resistant antibiotics are only effective if theres a ……..?
And if theres a …………… pathway that can be ………….. with

Answer 22

-only effective if theres a binding site on bacteria
-And if theres a biochemical pathway that can be interfered with

Question 23

Bacteria mutates so that….?

new ……. pathways
genes - on off
genes - produce what, that …..

cell wall -

Answer 23

• cell wall is impermeable to drug
• new biochemical pathways
• create new gene / turn on gene -> that produces an enzyme that destroys antibiotics

Question 24

How do these mutations become more popular in the bacterial population?

Answer 24

through natural selection

Question 25

Mrsa is a ……..?

Answer 25

Mrsa is a superbug

Question 26

How is Mrsa created?

Answer 26

• by the overuse of antibiotics -> from bacterial strains that are multi-resistant

Question 27

Mrsa stand for?

Answer 27

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Question 28

Controlling the spread of Mrsa?

3

Answer 28

• antibiotics only when needed
• course is cmpleted
• all staff must follow hygenic protocols