Topic 6 - Other Pathogenic Agents Flashcards
Other Pathogenic Agents
characteristics of influenza
4
- highly contagious
- short incubation
- mutates often
- 3 manin strains: A” B C
influenza
Ways of transmission
mucus, animals, droplet…
(4)
-droplet infection
-direct contact with animal droppings
-driect contact with virus filled mucus from nose
flu can cross the species barrier = zoonotic infection
influenza
Modes of infection
4
pathwayof infection - ciliated cells
-infected ciliated epitheral of respiratory system
- infected cells -> viral RNA into host nucleus
-> takes over biochemistry + new virus particles
-cell will lyse
-(ciliated cells death) respiritory tract open to infection
-infects young w/ no immunity, or old w/ weackened immune systems
influenza
Pathogenic effects
-
- fever, shivering, sweating, aching muscles, loss of appetite, painful joints
- lasts 5-6days before fever subsides
- exhaustion can last 6-12 weeks after
influenza
Treat and conrol
-
-
- rest, warmth, lots fluids
- antiviral drugs -> reduce symptoms
- vaccines -> diff every yr -> mutations
- scientists monitor new strians + distribution globally
influenza is what type of pathogen:
protozoa, virus, fungus?
virus
malaria is what type of pathogen:
protozoa, virus, fungus?
protozoa
malaria
characteristics of protozoa
4
how reproduce?
responsible for?
type of cell
unicellular - eukaryotic organism
leave alone / in colonies
sexually / asexually
responsible for sleeping sickness and malaria
malaria
what is responsible for malaria
gender?
parasite - female mosquito
malaria
characteristics of malaria
4
__effects?
kills?
life cycle?
responsible?
parasites of blood responsible
kills 1mil / year
economic effects -> weaking adults
complex life cycle - 2 hosts
malaria
ways of transmission?
and reason why
-vector of female Anopheles mosquito -> feed for protein -> lays eggs
malaria parasite via…?
mosquitos
malaria
modes of infection?
3
howdoes it infect the body (pathway)?
- travels to liver
- inects R.B.C
- reproduce asexually inside erthrocytes + cause lysis
-how does malaria reproduce?
-where do they reproduce?
-what does reproduction cause cells to do?
-asexually
-inside erthrocytes
-cause cells to lyse
malaria
Pathogenic effects?
5
-sweating
-shaking
-muscle pains
-headaches
-liver damage
-anaemia
-paroxysm
malaria
Treatment and control?
4
-mosquito nets (50% ^ effective)
-insect repelent
-pesticides
-mosquito screens
-avoid standing water / treat standing water w/ pesticides -> remove larvae
-Quinine, chloroquinine, and artemisinine = antimalarial drugs
Bacteria of Pathogens - 2 key words?
-endotoxins
-exotoxins
bacteria as pathogens
How can bacteria be anagent of infection?
3
-via productions of endotoxins, exotoxins, and host tissue invasion
bacteria as pathogens
destroys…?
releases…?
- destroys host cells
- releases toxins
endotoxins
what are lipopolysaccharides
top layer of outer membrane
similar to glycoproteins
lipopolysaccharides are on gram - or gram +
gram -
endotoxin
the polysaccharide stimulates a ……… response?
stimulates an imune response
endotoxins
what part of molecule acts as a toxin?
the lipid part
endotoxins
cause symptoms:
4
-fever, vomitting, diarrhoea
-antibiotic treatment that destroys the cell wall can lead tofurther endotoxin release
Example of an endotoxin?
-salmanella
Exotoxin example?
2
-tuberculosis
-staphylococcus
exotoxins preoduced by?
gram…?
both gram - and gram +
exotoxins
what kind of effect?
wide spread effect
exotoxins
wide spead effect
damages what?
causes what?
acts as a …?
-damages cellmembrane
-causes internal bleeding or acts as a competative inhibitor to neurotransmitters
what are exotoxins?
-soluble proteins
exotoxins
how are soluble proteins produced/ released into the body?
soluble proteins are produced/ released into the body by bacteria as they reproduce in the host
