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Biology > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A
  • low - high concentration
  • it requires metabollic energy (ATP)
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2
Q

Bilayer

A
  • membrane - consists of two layers of phospholipids
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3
Q

Carrier Protein

A
  • Spans the phospholipid bilayer- binds to ions or molecules
    CHange shape in order to move these molecules across membrane
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4
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • selectively permeable membrane around cell - control entry and exit of materials
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5
Q

Cholesterol

A
  • lipid
  • important component of cell membrane - adds strength
  • excess in blood leads to atheroma
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6
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A
  • arrangement of various molecules of cell surface membranes
  • fluid because individual phospholipid molecules can move relative to one another
  • mosaic as the proteins vary in shape, size, and patterns
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7
Q

Glycolipid

A

Carbohydrate covalently bonded to a lipid
* act as recognition site
* help maintain stability of membrane and help cells attach to one another

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8
Q

Glycoprotein

A
  • carbohydrate chain attached to a protein
  • Act as recognition sites
  • Help cells attach to each other and recognise one another
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9
Q

Partially permeable

A
  • (semi-permeable)
  • allows water and other small molecules
    (nothing large like starch)
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10
Q

Permeability

A
  • how permeable a substance is depends on size, polarity and charge of molecule
  • if its small, non-polar and fat soluble = very permeable and can pass through cell membrane
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11
Q

Phospholipid

A
  • Triglyceride - 1 fatty acid replaced with a phosphate molecule
  • important in structure and functioning of a plasma membrane
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12
Q

Plasma membrane

A
  • membranes consisting of a phospholipid bilayer found around and w/in all cells
  • the cell-surface membrane is the plasma membrane that surrounds cells
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13
Q

Protein channel

A
  • Protein spanning the phospholipid bilayer - form water filled tubes to allow water - soluble ions to diffuse across the membrane
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14
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A
  • barrier to dissolve substances
  • centre is hydrophobic - doesn’t let water-soluble molecules (ions+polar substances)
  • allows small non-polar molecules (CO2) to diffuse through
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15
Q

Intrinsic Proteins

what are they?

also known as?

A
  • intergral proteins - embedded in phospholipid layer may/may not extend through both layers
  • Channel + carrier proteins allow large, polar molecules and ions to pass through the membrane
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16
Q

attached to the bilipid layer

Peripheral proteins

A
  • act as receptords + allow the cell to detect chemicals released from othercells - so they can respond
  • inner or outer surface of phospholipid bilayer
17
Q

attached to the bilipid layer

Glycoproteins

A
  • proteins with carbs attached
18
Q

attached to the bilipid layer

Glycolipids

A
  • lipids with carbs attached
19
Q

Cholesterol

where does it bind to + function?

A
  • binds to phospholipid tails - make them pack together more closely =stability
20
Q

Countercurrent flow

A
  • flow of water over lamellae and flow of blood in them are in opposite directions
  • keeps diffusion gradient to be maintained across the gill lamellae
21
Q

Gill

where

A
  • in body of fish, behind the head
22
Q

gill filaments

A
  • make up gills of a fish - stacked in a pile
23
Q

Gill lamellae

A
  • right angle to gill filaments - increase S.A of gills
24
Q

Spiracle

A
  • Tiny pores - allows gases to enter and leave tracheae (+water vapor to leave aswell)
  • opened and closed by a valve
25
Q

Tracheae

A
  • large internal network of tubes in insects - w/ supported rings to prevent them from collapsing
26
Q

Tracheoles

A
  • These tubes extend from tracheae and extend thoughout all of the body tissues of the insect - allows atmospheric air tobe b rought directly to respiring tissues
27
Q

somatic cell

A

or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Somatic cells compose the body of an organism and divide through mitosis

28
Q

germ plasm

A

Germplasm is the genetic material of an individual that may be transmitted, sexually or somatically, from one generation to another

Biology (12 decks)

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