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Biology > Topic 4 - Circulation and The Heart > Flashcards

Topic 4 - Circulation and The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats tendenous fibrous

A

prevent atroventricular valves turning inside out

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2
Q

Why would the atrioventricular valves turn inside out?

A

due to the pressure when the heart contacts

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3
Q

what are coronary arteries

A

theyre wrapped around the heart to supply blood to cardiac muscle of the heart

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4
Q

What is cardiac muscle and where is it thicker and why?

A
  • thicker muscle of the heart. Makes up the thick middle layer of the heart.

thicker LHS bc of higher blood pressure is needed to pump blood further to alll the tissues of the body

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5
Q

3 types of muscle in the heart

A
  • myocardium (cardiac muscle)
  • skeletal
  • smooth muscle
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6
Q

another name for cardiac muscle?

A
  • myocardium
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7
Q

what are the semi lunar valves

A
  • aortic valve
  • pulmonary valve
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8
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves

A
  • tricuspid
  • bicuspid
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9
Q

4 types ofcirculatory systems:

A
  • open and closed systems
  • single or double
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10
Q

whats a closed system

A

blood confined to blood vessels only

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11
Q

circulation and the heart

what’s a single system?

in the body

A
  • blood is only pumped once around the whole system
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12
Q

circulation and the heart

what’s a double system?

in the body

A

where blood is pumped twice

humans have this

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13
Q

4 advantages to a double circulatory system?

pressure, conc. , organisms

A
  • conc. gradient maintained, as deocygenated blood and oxygenated blood dont mix.
  • blood pressure to body tissue is higher
  • blood pressure to lungs is lower, avoids damaging the capillaries in lungs and increases time for gas exchange
  • organisms can develop larger bodies
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14
Q

myogenic meaning

A
  • originating in muscle tissue (rather than nerve impulses).
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15
Q

the hearts ability to initiate its own contraction is referred to as …..?

A

myogenic

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16
Q

depolarisation of the heart meaning

A

to trigger its contraction

17
Q

where does depolarisation oif the heart begin?

A

Sinoatrial Node

18
Q

Depolarisation spreads through atria causing ….?

A
  • atrial systole
19
Q

non conductive tissue of the heart is called?

A

annulus fibrous

20
Q

what does the annulus fibrous stimulate

A
  • another region of conducting tissue called Atrioventricular Node
21
Q

what conduction fibres does the AVN pass the depolarisation onto?

A

Bundle of His

22
Q

what does the Bundle of His split into?
and what does this cause?

A
  • two branches called Purkinje fibres
  • causes ventricular systole
23
Q

explain how depolarisation of the heart is carried out
including systole and diastole

A
  • SAN
  • Atrial systole
  • Annulus fibrous
  • AVN
  • atrial diastole
  • into Bundle of His
  • Apex
  • Bundle of His splits into two branches - Purkinje Fibres
  • causing ventricular systole
24
Q

What are the 3 stages of cardiac cycle

A
  • atrial systole
  • ventricular systole
  • cardiac diastole
25
Q

whats atrial systole

A
  • atrial contract
  • forces atrioventricular valves to open amd blood flows into ventricles
26
Q

whats ventricular systole

A
  • ventricles contract
  • causing atrioventricular valves to open, allowing blood to leave LV through aorta and RV through Pulmonary Artery
27
Q

whats cardiac diastole

A
  • atria and ventricles relax, pressure inside heart chambers decrease.
  • This causes semi-lunar valves to relax in aorta and P.A to close, preventing backflow
28
Q

what is the blood made up of?

A
  • Plasma
  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Platelets
29
Q

3 functions of the blood:

A
  • transport
  • formation of lymph
  • tissue fluid
  • defense against pathogens
30
Q

plasma
what it does?

A
  • transports digested food products (e.g glucose, amino acids), nutrient molecules, hormones, excretory products (e.g CO2, urea)
  • Transfers heat around the body
31
Q

another name for RBC

A

Erythrocytes

32
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC)
what they do and their adaptation?

A
  • transports O2 and some CO2
  • adapt via their bioconcave shape and lack of nucleus + contains heamoglobin

no nucleas means more surface area for O2
biconcaveshape = easy moving

33
Q

another name WBC

A

Leukocytes

34
Q

2 types of leukocytes

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Agranulocytes
35
Q

leukocytes

what are the cells that come under granulocytes and function

A
  • eutrophils (phagocytosis)
  • Basophils (histamines - inflamation/allergic response)
  • Eosinophils (response to parasites, allergic reactions, inflamation, immunity)
36
Q

what are the cells that come under Agraulocytes and function

A
  • Monocytes ( call on other white blood cells to help treat injury and prevent infection.)
  • lymphocytes (involved in specific immune response)
37
Q

Platelets
what they are and do?

A
  • Fragments of megakaryocytes (large cell that has a lobulated nucleus, is counf especially in bone marrow, is the source of blood platelets)
  • involved in blood clotting
38
Q

what are Megakaryocytes

A

large cell that has a lobulated nucleus, is counf especially in bone marrow, is the source of blood platelets

Biology (25 decks)

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