Topic 2- Bolshevik Consolidation- Civil War Flashcards

Question

Peace negotiations

Answer 1

Decree on peace 8 nov- lenin order general dukhonin to contact german mil authority to enter peace negotiations and cease hostility 20 nov0 kronstadt body mutilateed of dukhonin- didnt recognise sovnarkom as central gob, russian soldiers abbandon front line to siexe land 2 dec0 armistace agreed Bb disrtibute rev pamphlets to german troops around no mans land at treaty b-l Trotsky arrive- took over negotiations at l- bbought more time through philisophical discussions to allow european rev to take place Split of party 8 jan 15 jan- argue beter deal

Answer 2

Torsky return to petrograd with map showing border Lenin prepared to accept lmost anything as feared would lose more Bukharin- central comm- said should try geurilla eoffensive to inspire european rev

Answer 3

Return bl to argue better deal Argued b conest of kiev render german ukrainian peace null and void Germany rejected

Answer 4

Middle class enemy Sell jewelry and clothes for bread 1920s study showed that 42% prostitutes from bougeois Red terror- after lenin shot Large sr arrests Men and sr excluded from soveits Increase executions -1908-20 increased 13,000, real stat closer to 300,000 Cheka increase class warfare Labbour and conc camps- for dissenting troublesome workers, peasants 1913-1921- pop russia decreased by 120 mill Palaces and town houses of rich taken over and living space divided up amongst proletariat

Answer 5

Typhus- spread rapidly through lice ridden troops and civilian populatuob Over 1 mill died- typhus and typhoid - 1920s Over whole period 4.5mill deaths plus

Answer 6

Feb 1918- bread rationing in petrograd v low- 50g/day Cibvil war sausage- horse meat Worker start to flee from city, factory staff needed for munitions- barter for foot Less than 1/3 urbban diet from state provisioned rations Black market- bag men travel around selling produce, swap handmade goods for food Choas in factory- lack of control- decrees on workers Increase opp from workers, anarchists, lefts, Woerker- economy, low food rations, state violence- new soviet elections, free press, ca Anarchists0 reject authoritarian control of gov Left wing groups against Treaty bl Wanted wart o restart to get beter position Captured dzerzinsky head of cheka Shot lenin

Answer 7

Many areas run bbby local mafias of bol officers- lived well as others ufered and starved 5,000 b and their families lived in kremlin and hotels in moscow with french trained chefs Critics procliamed from corrupt b officers and wives of mistrises went around with ‘jewelry shop window hanging round their necks

Answer 8

Cossaks in south raped and murdered villages of jews in pogroms- 115,000 deaths in ukraine alone, claimed jews supported bby b Whites shot miners who didnt produce enough coal- donbass region - rostov- hundred red miners burned alibve Kharnov- reds nailed epaullettes of officers to their shoulders while still alibve Increased opposition- calling new soviet elections, free press and rstoration of ca

Answer 9

Value of rouble collapsed= shortage of goods led to soaring price inflation, refuse to hand over grain 335 agricultural land not used Rich wheat areas of ukraene fell outside b control Grain requisition wit help cheka to fill quotas even if peasants refuse- retailiation peasants murder b officials Leniinn tied to ignite class wafare agianst peasants- no ffewer than a hundred well known kadests’ ‘take place in full view of the pepole’, peasants didnt and retailated- stop planting next sseason

Answer 10

Soviet economy in total ruin Total collapse- decrease farmers Bread rations fell Starvation and disease Deaths increase city pop 1914 to 1920- fall from 2,2mill to 0.6mill Political division too

Answer 11

By 1921- no possibility of decisive white victory Grain requisition cause resentment- 118 seperate uprising in 1921 Tambov region- 70,000 strong rebevellion-tough for red army until posien cas in 1922

Answer 12

1921 great famine in russia Samora rainfall from 33 mm to 0.3mm in 1921 Illegal trade human flesh beigin as forging increase Death tol as highe as 8mill War comm and grain requisition encourage discontent

Answer 13

Food ration fall to 1thrd 1921- t50g.day Food demonstrations- cheka broke as ordinary soldiers reduse to fight against Dislike militarisation of catories- worker imprisoned or shot if targets not met State hijacked ty and took political control- calls for ‘soviet without communists’ Martial law imposed in moscow and petrograd

Answer 14

Workr oppoistion grew under kollontai and shylaprinkov- wanetd workers to take more control of own affairs and support campaigns against reintrouction of single managers Critc tristky plan to make use of ty as methords of political control and b gain in war comm

Answer 15

Hotbed for anarchiist radicalisation Crews of petropaulosh and seeratopol had emergency meeting and investigated Support empire, 30,000 soldier military in hope of 3rd rev- no central comm, autonomous, sovnarkom over gov 60,000 ra troop deal with dissents Red try to sieze fortified island- tukachevsky leader under ra control Ringleader round up and shot, 15,00 sailors sent to l=first big labour camp on white sea Claim not part of sfighters in 1917 rev- killed civil war- not some forout in rev- however argued kronstadt always had large no fo sr and anarchsist and less b

Answer 16

V important Organisation Unity Terror and removal opp

Answer 17

Trostky control red guard 1918- reemploy 750,000 officers and 775 generals from iperal army with experience and discipline, discipline esp important (reintroduce salute, death penalty, reusede democratisation Military strnegyh prove imporantant- counteroffensive against kolchak eastward denekin sva pushed back and crimea siezed- when denekin replaced with wrangel lacked strongl leader

Answer 18

Reverse democratisation unpop- mutiny kronstadt uprisning against increasingly dictatorial regimes eg 2 freedom of speech However arguably white only shorter term sucess- jolchack omsk gov firmeer military dctatorships, officer remove by coup Peasants 118 uprising 1918 feb, not good control whole country

Answer 19

Geographically compared to whites had politcial and industrial centres= whites diff- lacked war munitions factory, kolchak east denekin s ydenich north Control densest raailway- helpful communication movement troops and resources United under ideaology inite class arfare, idea war compromise soob to over, whites only similar anti b, lost anti democracy, return old ways Leadeorhio clearly lenin for eds. whites mixed

Answer 20

Whites lacked unity ideology with whites jist being anti black Diff groups foriegn- gb fr jpn usa officer Disunity within soveit party- worker opp with kpllontai

Answer 21

Red terror attempt on lenin ife by sr (fanny kaplan) giving excuset o persecute s But then mazss execution class enemy- executions 1908 to 20 increased 3000 realisticallyty 300,000 Peasantry better compared tto whites, still closer ideologically socilaist conmpared to old tsarist leadership Labour conc camps for troubled worker peasantry

Answer 22

Brutally agonised peasantry practise tehnic cleaning, driving more peasants futrher awau. Desertion rate v high in white army

Answer 23

June 40,000 cossaks had joined general krasnov don army

Answer 24

Introduced june Factory workers and party activists first o be called up 40,000/275,000 peasants recuirts expeted actually appeared- peasants didnt want to leave villlages at harevst time

Answer 25

1 mill men 1919 spring, 3 mill 1920, 5 mill end of civil war

Answer 26

Kharkov - glove trick - put hand in boiling water until blistered skin could be peeled off

Answer 27

Took marriage away from control of the church and turned divroce simple registratino

Answer 28

1 milll members in 1925, 4% of 15-23 year olds Starting a communist career