Topic 120 - Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle (GREEN)

Question 1

What is Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle?

Answer 1

a major disease of cattle and buffaloes characterised by an acute, highly fatal septicaemia with high morbidity and mortality

Question 2

Is Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle acute or chronic?

Answer 2

Have 3 forms:

1. Peracute
2. Acute
3. Subacute

Question 3

Occurrence of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 3

Worldwide, but the frequency varies

1. Large-scale infection = more frequent in warmer climate, tropical and subtropical countries - Africa, middle-East

2. Sporadic infection = Europe and America

Question 4

Causative agent of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 4

1. Pasteurella multocia, serotype B:2 and E:2

2. Mannheimia haemolytica

Question 5

What are the virulence factors of the Pasteurella multocida?

Answer 5

1. Capsule
2. LPS = endotoxin responsible for the clinical signs

Question 6

Hosts of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 6

Mainly ruminants, especially water buffalo and cattle

Question 7

Predisposing factors for Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 7

1. Weather - Rainy season and monsoon
2. Exhausting work

Question 8

Age susceptible for Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 8

0.5 - 2 year old animals

Younger animals are protected by the maternal antibodies and older animals already have the protection

Question 9

Mortality and morbidity of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 9

HIGH mortality
HIGH morbidity

Question 10

How is Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle spread and infeted?

Answer 10

Primary airborne, close contact is needed ⭢ P.O

To introduce the disease we need a carrier animal that exhales the bacteria

Question 11

Pathogenesis of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 11

1. Infection, P.O
2. The bacteria colonises on the mucus membrane and there are no clinical signs until predisposing facors
3. With predisposing factors the bacteria propogates in the tonsils and upper respiratory tract and the bacteria gets into the blood = septicaemia.
4. With septicaemia there is an endotoxin effect due to the death of the bacteria and there is damage to the endothelial cells.
5. The permeability of the blood vessels increases, causing coagulopathy.
6. Death with 24 hours.

Question 12

Clinical signs of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 12

1. Fever
2. Serous nasal discharge
3. Profuse salivation
4. Oedema seen in neck, throat and brisket
5. Animal stands with a lower head and extended neck
6. Hyperaemia on conjunctiva

Question 13

Pathological lesions in case of Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 13

Haemorrhages
Serous fluid in the body cavities
Oedema in muscle and subcutane
Enlarged lymph nodes
Enlarged parenchymal organs

Question 14

How to diagnose Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 14

With epidemiological data, clinical signs and PM lesions we have good idea about the diases
BUT
Can use bacterium isolation from nasal discharge, PCR

Question 15

How to treat Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 15

This is a controversial issue…

1. EARLY AB treatment
2. Rest

Question 16

How to prevent Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 16

1. Avoid predisposing factors
2. Vaccines

Question 17

Vaccine types used for Haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle:

Answer 17

1. Inactivated: Type specific protection
   2 types: One is oil adjuvant and the other is with aluminium adjuvant
2. Attenuated: Used as a drop on the mucosa