Topic 112 - Salmonella diseases of swine (RED)

Question 1

Name the diseases of salmonellosis of swine

Answer 1

1. Swine typhoid
2. Swine paratyphoid
3. Typhocolitis of swine

Question 2

What is swine typhoid?

Answer 2

A chronic infectious necrotic enteritis of growers and finishing pigs

Question 3

Occurrence of swine typhoid

Answer 3

Formerly common ⭢ nowadays rare due to better hygiene and higher level of agriculture

Question 4

Causative agent of swine typhoid

Answer 4

Salmonella typhisuis

Question 5

Susceptible species of swine typhoid

Answer 5

ONLY swine

Question 6

Is causative agent for swine typhoid obligate or facultaitve?

Answer 6

Obligate

Question 7

How is swine typhoid introduced and spread?

Answer 7

Introduced by infected asymptomatic animals and faecal contamination
Spread by oral infection

Question 8

Age susceptible for swine typhoid:

Answer 8

Growers and finishing pigs above 5-6 weeks of age

Question 9

Pathogenesis of swine typhoid:

Answer 9

1. Infection by oral route
2. Replication in the large intestines in the lymphoid patches causing an inflammation
3. As a result, the mucus membrane above the lymphoid patches will be elevated and circulation is decreased.
4. There will be necrosis of the mucus membrane, and ulcers are formed.
5. The bacteria gets into the gut wall and mesenterial lymph nodes in not too high numbers ⭢ only bacteraemia is seen
6. The bacteria reaches the parenchymal organs and we see a focal inflammation and necrosis which are the typhomas and they help us diagnose the bacteria

Question 10

Clinical signs of swine typhoid:

Answer 10

Due to it being chronic, the clinical signs appear slowly and the severity is influenced by the management

• Diarrhoea: Watery, yellow
• Increasing cough in later phase when the typhomas have reached the lung
• Retardation
• Weight loss ⭢ Very common !!

Question 11

PM lesions of swine typhoid

Answer 11

1. In the large intestines we see enlarged lymhpoid patches and ulcers
2. We see focal inflammation and necrosis on the organs and the tonsils

Question 12

How to diagnose swine typhoid:

Answer 12

As PM lesions are very informative, we can have a good diagnosis already.
But for lab.diagnostics we use:
- Bacterium isolation

Question 13

Treatment of swine typhoid:

Answer 13

1. Movement restrictions - To prevent the spread
2. Not keeping animals for breeding, due to them being life-time carriers
3. Use AB to reach a better general state, complete healing CANNOT be expected

Question 14

What is swine paratyphoid?

Answer 14

An acute, generalised disease seen most frequently in animals of 2-5 months of age

Question 15

Occurrence of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 15

Worldwide

Question 16

Causative agent of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 16

Salmonella cholerasuis and Salmonella typhimurium

Question 17

Is swine paratyphoid a obligate or facultative pathogen?

Answer 17

Facultative

Question 18

Pathogenesis of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 18

1. Per os infection
2. Replication in the small intestines, causing an inflammation
3. The bacteria reaches the blood and we have a septicaemia
4. The bacteria reaches the parenchymal organs and paratyphomas are developed

Question 19

Incubation time for swine paratyphoid:

Answer 19

2-3 days

Question 20

Clinical signs of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 20

1. Fever, causing anorexia and depression
2. Cyanosis
3. Diarrhoea is typical, seen as yellow, watery and creamy

(4. Chronic cases: Pneumonia, cough, arthritis, tenosynovitis)

Question 21

PM lesions of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 21

Acute cases
1. Cyanosis
2. Haemorrhages
3. Hyperplasic spleen
4. Enlarged lymph nodes
5. inflammation of small intestines
6. Focal inflammation and necrosis in the liver

Chronic cases
1. Necrosis of the mucus memrbane of the small intestines
2. SOMETIMES ulcers in the large intestines can be seen

Question 22

How to diagnose swine paratyphoid:

Answer 22

Bacterium isolation
- Organs = direct isolation
- Faeces = selective medium

Question 23

Treatment of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 23

1. AB for septicaemia

Question 24

Prevention of swine paratyphoid:

Answer 24

1. Prevention of predisposing factors
2. General epidemiological measures
3. Hygiene
4. Vaccines

Question 25

Which type of vaccines is used against swine paratyphoid:

Answer 25

Inactivated and attenuated

BUT, since all serotypes cannot be included they cannot give a complete protection

Question 26

What is typhocolitis of swine?

Answer 26

A frequent disease, similar to paratyphoid, with low mortality in growers and finishing pigs

Question 27

Causative agent of typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 27

Salmonella typhimurium

Question 28

Pathogenesis of typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 28

1. Infection per os
2. Replication in the large intestines, causing inflammation and sometimes we see haemorrhagic enteritis

Question 29

Clinical signs of typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 29

1. Yellow, watery diarrhoea
2. Bloody diarrhoea
3. Sometimes we see mucous in the faeces

Question 30

PM lesions of typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 30

Large intestines
We see necrotic enterocolitis and typhlitis

Question 31

Treatment of typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 31

Per os AB, be carefull of the resistance

Question 32

Prevention methods for typhocolitis of swine:

Answer 32

1. Elimination of predisposing factors
2. Isolation from birds
3. Rodent control