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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 4 > Topic 114 - Salmonellosis of small ruminants and horses (GREEN) > Flashcards

Topic 114 - Salmonellosis of small ruminants and horses (GREEN) Flashcards

1
Q

Occurrence of salmonellosis in small ruminants

A

Rare and quite sporadic

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2
Q

Name the forms of salmonellosis in small ruminants:

A
  1. Generalised disease with fever and diarrhoea
  2. Abortion ⭢ Only seen in sheeps !!
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3
Q

Causative agent of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever

A

Salmonella typhimurium and S.enteritidis and other salmonella types

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4
Q

Source of infection regarding Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever:

A

Faeces
Infected pasture
Water

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5
Q

Predisposing factors of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever

A
  1. young animals
  2. Overcrowding
  3. Nutritional deficiencies
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Parasitosis
  6. Transportation
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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever:

A
  1. Infection per os
  2. Generalisation
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7
Q

Clinical signs of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever:

A

ACUTE
- Fever
- Watery and foamy diarrhoea

CHRONIC
- Arthrithis
- sporadic abortion

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8
Q

PM lesions for Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Generalised disease with fever:

A

Haemorrhages
Spleen and lymph nodes are enlarged
Inflammation of small intestines

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9
Q

Occurrence of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form

A

Frequent in Spain, portugal, France, Italy, Greece
Sporadic in others

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10
Q

Causative agent of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form

A

S. abortusovis

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11
Q

Suscpetible species of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form:

A

Sheep ONLY

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12
Q

Which season is Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form more common?

A

Winter, early spring

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13
Q

Source of infection in case of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form:

A
  1. From asymptomatic carries
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14
Q

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form

A
  1. Per os infection
  2. Replication in gut
  3. There is a septicaemia and bacteremia
  4. The bacteria reaches the placenta and foetus
  5. 2-4 weeks after the infection there is an abortion or the newborn lambs can die
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15
Q

Clinical signs in case of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form

A

1. Before abortion - Depression and vaginal discharge
2. After abortion - Retention of the foetal membranes, metritis and death
3. Newborn lambs: Diarrhoea, pneumonia, death
4. Rams: generally asymptomatic

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16
Q

PM lesions in case of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form:

A

FOETUS
1. Lysed
2. Fibrinous exudate
3. Focal inflammation

PLACENTA
1. Haemorrhages
2. Oedema

17
Q

How to diagnose Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form:

A

1. Microscopic examination with smear of stomach content of aborted lambs
2. Isolation
3. Detection of antibodies - because the abortion happens weeks after infection there will be high levels of antibodies

18
Q

Treatment of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form:

A

1. Use AB on diseased animals and pregnant ewes

19
Q

Prevention of Salmonellosis in small ruminants - Abortion form

A
  1. Isolation of diseased animals
  2. Prevention of predisposing factors
  3. Vaccine ⭢ not widely used
20
Q

Salmonellsosis of horses, name the different forms:

A
  1. Enteric form, also called foal septicaemia ⭢ general form
  2. Abortion
21
Q

Enteric form, salmonellosis of horses, occurrence:

22
Q

Enteric form, salmonellosis of horses, causative agent:

A

Salmonella typhimurium ⭢ Frequently

23
Q

Enteric form - salmonellosis of horses, source of infection:

A
  1. Asymptomatic carrier horse
  2. Faeces of carrier animals
  3. Environment
24
Q

Enteric form - salmonellosis of horses, predisposing factors:

A

1.management and nutritional deficiencies
2.overcrowding
3.poor hygiene
4. transportation
5. surgery,
6. long antibiotic treatment
7. mixing animals ⭢ horse clinic, horse race, show

25
Q

Enteric form - salmonellosis of horses, pathogensis:

A
  1. Per os infection
  2. Replication in gut
  3. There is a septicaemia and bacteremia
26
Q

Enteric form - salmonellosis of horses, Clinical signs

A

Fever
Painfull diarrhoea
Death within 1-2 days ⭢ acute phase

CHRONIC:
arthritis
sub cutaneous abseccces

27
Q

Enteric form - salmonellosis of horses, PM lesions:

A

Haemorrhages
Enlarhed spleen and lymph nodes
Inflammation of the gut

28
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, causative agent:

A

Salmonella abortusequi

29
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, susceptible species:

A

horses ONLY
More frequent in mares in first pregnancy

30
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, occurrence:

31
Q

Predisposing factors:

A

Equine herpes 1 virus
Mycotoxins
Age
Overcrowding

32
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, pathogenesis:

A

1. Infection per os
2. Septicamiea
3. The bacteria reaches the uterus, foetus and foetla membranes and replicates
4. There is an inflammation and abortion happens 2-6 weeks after the infection - At any stage in pregnancy
5. If infected in 3rd stage of pregnancy there are non-viable or weak foals and they die within a few days and show clinical signs of septicaemia

33
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, clinical signs:

A

Sometimes asymptomatic before abortion

After abortion: Purulent metritis, arthritis or tenosynovitis

34
Q

Abortion form - salmonellosis of horses, PM lesions:

A

PLACENTA
1. Oedema
2. Haemorrhages
3. Necrosis
4. Purulent fibrinous inflammation

FOETUS
1. Haemorrhages
2. Oedema
3. Focal necrosis and inflammation in the parenchymal organs, especially in liver

35
Q

How to diagnose salmonellosis of horses

A

Bacterium isolation is the primary way

Can also detect antibodies in case of abortions

36
Q

How to treat salmonellosis of horses

A

Parental AB
Rehydration in case of diarrhoea
!! animals remain carriers !!

37
Q

Prevention of salmonellosis of horses:

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Disinfection of the place of abortion
  3. Elimination of predisposing factors
  4. Rodent control
  5. isolation of pregnant mares

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 4 (31 decks)

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