Topic 115 - Fowl typhoid (RED)

Question 1

Occurrence of fowl typhoid

Answer 1

Very prominent in Asia and South America, in Europe there are almost no cases except for in backyard flocks and wild birds

NOTIFIABLE DISEASE !!

Question 2

Causative agent of fowl typhoid:

Answer 2

Salmonella gallinarum

Question 3

Age susceptible for fowl typhoid:

Answer 3

grower and adult animals

Question 4

A similar disease to fowl typhoid, that have the main antigens similar

Answer 4

Pullorum disease, caused by S.pollorum

Question 5

Susceptible species of fowl typhoid:

Answer 5

Poultry, water fowl

Question 6

Is fowl typhoid obligate or facultative?

Answer 6

Obligate

Question 7

How is fowl typhoid spread?

Answer 7

Germinative, horizontal

Question 8

Pathogenesis of fowl typhoid:

Answer 8

1. Per os or aerogenic infection
2. Bacteria gets into the intestines
3. Caused septicaemia
4. Reaches the parenchymal organs
5. Focal inflammation is the main finding

Question 9

What happen in fowl typhoid, in the case of an embryonic infection?

Answer 9

Dead eggs and omphalitis

Omphalitis = hatching weakness ⭢ oedema, inflammation and no closure in omphalic region, unabsorbed yolk sack

Question 10

Clinical signs in case of fowl typhoid, in eggs:

Answer 10

Ratio of dead eggs increases
The hatchability drops

Question 11

Clinical signs in case of fowl typhoid, in day-old chicks

Answer 11

1. White diarrhoea
2. Omphalitis
3. Spread legs ⭢ due to weakness
4. Enlarged liver
5. Respiratory signs
6. Arthritis

Question 12

Clinical signs in case of fowl typhoid, in adults:

Answer 12

1. Rupture of follicles
2. Diarrhoea
3. Penguin-like posture
4. Drop in egg production

Question 13

PM lesions of fowl typhoid, chicks:

Answer 13

Ompahlitis, unabsorbed yolk sack
Focal inflammation of heart muscle

Question 14

PM lesions of fowl typhoid, adults:

Answer 14

Heart muscle necrosis
Enlarged lymphoid patches
Ulcers
Atrophy of the ovaries ⭢ Very important !!

Question 15

How to diagnose fowl typhoid:

Answer 15

Bacteriological culture of bone marrow
PCR

Antibodies are used to confirm the infection

Question 16

Which type of serological tests are done to detect antibodies in case of fowl typhoid:

Answer 16

Serum plate agglutination
Tube agglutination
ELISA

Question 17

How to treat fowl typhoid

Answer 17

Not normally treated due to the bacterial carriers remaining.

Question 18

Prevention methods for fowl typhoid:

Answer 18

Stamping out and disinfection in poultry !!

1. Breeding eggs only from free flock
2. Elimination of predisposing factors
3. Vaccination ⭢ in endemic countries only !!

Question 19

How to maintain the free status for fowl typhoid:

Answer 19

Plate agglutination, control of hatchery and dead eggs have to be investigated.

Question 20

Type of vaccine used for fowl typhoid:

Answer 20

Inactivated and live vaccines
Preferably a combination of them ⭢ very good !