Topic 1 - Specialisation in plant cells Flashcards
Where can you find root hair cells?
Nera the tips of roots
What allows the absorption of water and mineral ions?
Having a larger surface area
What are root hair cells close to?
The xylem tissue
What does the xylem tissue do?
It transports water and mineral ions into the root hair cells
What are features of root hair cells?
- Greatly increase surface area
- Have a large permanent vacuole
- Have many mitochondria’s
What does the greater surface area do?
makes more water move into the cell
What does the permanent vacuole do?
Speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from the soil across the root hair cell
What do the mitochondria’s do?
Transfers the energy needed for the active transport of mineral ions into the rot hair cell
What are features of photosynthetic cells?
- Chloroplasts
- Large permanent vacuole
What do chloroplasts do?
Contain chlorophyll to trap the light needed for photosynthesis
What does the permanent vacuole do in photosynthetic cells?
Helps keep the cell rigid
What are the two main functions of xylem cells?
- Support the plant
- Transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves
What are xylems when they are first formed?
They are living
What chemical is in xylem cells?
lignin
What does the chemical in xylem cells do?
It builds up in the spirals of the cell wall
What eventually happens to the xylem cells?
They die
What happens to the xylem cells once they die?
They leave long hollow tubes where water and minerals can move up
What makes the xylems strong?
The spirals and rings of lignin
What do phloem cells do?
It is the tissue which transports food made by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant
What can the cell walls of phloem’s do?
They can break down the sieve plates
When phloem cells lose their structure , what keeps them alive?
They are kept alive by companion cells
What do the companion cells contain?
Mitochondria which transfer energy to aid the movement of dissolved food in the phloem
