Topic 1 🌮 Flashcards
Prokaryotic cell
Are single celled and do not have a membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
Do have a membrane bound nucleus they are complex and contain membrane bound organelles
Diameter of prokaryotic cell
0.5 - 5 um
Size of eukaryotic cell
10 - 100 um
Prokaryotic ribosome size
70s
Eukaryotic ribosome size
80s
What do hydrothermal vents do?
Carry our chemosynthesis which gives them warm conditions to live in
Cytoskeleton
Made of protein filaments and tubules (fibers) within cells helps maintain shape and framework giving an internal framework it provides mechanical support so cell can carry out transport, devision and movement. It consist of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
Microtubles
Made of protein tubulin they protect cell from collapse and transport system they attach to chromosomes bundles of microfilaments
form cillia and flagella constantly assembling and disassembling
Microfilaments
(Actin filaments) made of actin mesh works or bundles of parallel fibers determine the shape of cell the skeleton can contract causing muscle contractions
Intermediate filaments
Very stable made of 60+ proteins they anchor the nucleus give it elastic properties so can withstand tension
Resolution
Ability to distinguish 2 objects that are close together as separate objects
Magnification
How many times bigger the image produced by the microscope is than its actual size of the real life object
Staining
Helps make cells become visible/ easier to see by providing contrast can also be used to view certain parts of the cell
Compound microscope (light)
Uses visible light to illuminate a thin section of sample
+ overview of sample, some living things
- lower resolution compared to electron m
Mag: 2000x
Res: 200nm
Confocal laser scanning microscope
Looks at thin slices in a sample looks specifically at parts of a cell
+ living cells understand relationships between cells
- low resolution compared to electron microscope ONLY SEE FLUORESCENT OBJECTS
mag: 2000x res: difficult to determine
Scanning electron microscope (sem)
Lets user look at surface of objects at high resolution
+ looking at surface of objects in 3d
- can’t look at living things as objects have to be dried and coated in metal, costly to run
Mag: 100,000x res: 0.2nm
Transmission electron microscope (tem)
Look at very thin cross section of objects
+ internal structure, very high resolution
- can’t look at living things, costly to run
Mag: 500,000x res: 0.2nm
what is muscus
a glycoprotein
sequence of events leading to mucus being produced
nucleus to ribosomes to rer to golgi aooaratus forming vesicle to cell surface membrane
