enzymes🥩 Flashcards
lock and key model
substrate binds with enzyme at active site due to complimentary shapes
what type of proteins are enzymes
globular proteins
what are enzymes weight like
high molecular weight as lots of amino acids
what are enzymes sensitive to
ph change, tempeture change,
induced fit model
takes into account that enzymes have 3d flexibility, the binding of substrate induces enzyme to change shape and fit exactly
what do enzymes do
lower activation energy
what is the optimum tempeture
37 - 40 c for most enzymes
what is the tempeture coefficient
q10
how does ph damage enzyme
affect ionic and hydrogen bonds responsible for teritery structure denaturing enzyme
what is enzyme concentration
a limiting factor
inhibitors
decrease rate of enzyme reactions, can be revisable or irreriversable
competitive inhibitors
molecule simular to in shape to normal substrate, it competes with normal substrate for active site
effect of competitive inhibitors
if substrate concentration is high then they can successfully compete for active sites, if substrate concentration is low then inhibitors can successfully compete
non competitive inhibitors
don’t bind to active site, bind elsewhere in allosteric site. causes teirtery structure to change so no longer complimentary
increasing substrate concentration with non competive inhibitors
has no effect and reaction will never reach max
extracellular enzyme
enzyme which is secreted by cell and functions outside of cell, its used to break down large molecules in process of digestion
example not extracellular proteins
trypsin which is a digestive enzyme which breaks peptide bonds in large proteins
intracellular enzymes
enzymes which are present inside cell membrane and function inside of cell
intracellular enzyme example
catalase which converts toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
standard deviation
a measure of how spread the data is, the greater the sd the greater the spread of data
cofactors / coenzyme
non protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzymes activity as a catalyst. can be considered a helper molecule
holoenzyme
an active enzyme with its non protein component
apoenzyme
inactive enzyme without its nonprotein part, if non protein part its metal ion its a cofactor
prosthetic group
tightly bound to form permanent features of protein
