classification and evolution

Question 1

species definition

Answer 1

a group of indivual organisms whose members are able to interbred freely to produce fertile, viable offspring

Question 2

why do hybrids end up infertile

Answer 2

odd number of chromosomes, meiosis and gamete product cannot take place properly

Question 3

what is classification

Answer 3

putting organisms into catergorys based of similaritys and differences

Question 4

how are binomial names represented

Answer 4

Genus species - in ittelics if typed, underlined if hand written

Question 5

why do scientists classify organisms (3) - binomial nomenclature introduced

Answer 5

to identity species
predict characteristics
find evolutionary links (same group same characteristics due to common ancestor)

Question 6

what is binomial nomenclature

Answer 6

scientific naming of species into two parts - genus and species

Question 7

taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 7

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. (KING PRAWN CURRY OR FAT GREASY SAUSAGES)

Question 8

what are 5 kingdoms

Answer 8

Animalia, plantae, fungi, prokaryote, protoctists

Question 9

features of Animalia

Answer 9

multicellular, nucleus, all organells membrane bound, no cell wall, heterotrophic, movement with aid of flagellum, cilia, contractile proteins

Question 10

features of plantae

Answer 10

multicellular, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, plant wall (cellulose), autotrophic, most dont move (some gametes can with aid of flagellum)

Question 11

features of fungi

Answer 11

unicellular (e.g. yeasts) or multicellular, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, cell wall made of chitin, saprophytic our heterotrophic, no locomotion

Question 12

features of prokaryote

Answer 12

unicellular, no nucleus ring of naked dna, no membrane bound organelles only ribosomes, cell wall made of peptidoglycan, heterotrophic and autotrophic, flagellum

Question 13

features of protoctista

Answer 13

mainly unicellular, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, cell wall sometimes present, heterotrophic and autotrophic, some sessile move by cilia and flagella

Question 14

taxonomy

Answer 14

the study of the principles behind classification of organisms according to their observable features or genetic characteristics

Question 15

phylogeny

Answer 15

the study of how closely different species are related and involves the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms seen in an evolutionary tree

Question 16

what do eukarya, archaea, eubacteria all share

Answer 16

DNA, RNA, membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 17

what do only eukarya have

Answer 17

nucleus and organelles

Question 18

what does only eubacteria have

Answer 18

peptidoglycan

Question 19

what do only archaea have

Answer 19

branched hydrocarbons so they can surive harsh environments

Question 20

key molecular evidence for 3 domain

Answer 20

RNA polymerase was different in archaea and eubacteria

Question 21

why have classification systems changed overtime

Answer 21

scientific knowledge changes as new discoveries made, different RNA between archaea and bacteria, ribosomes different

Question 22

how can we determine common ancestors (3)

Answer 22

DNA, fossil records, proteins

Question 23

nodes on phylogenetic tree

Answer 23

corresponds to hypothetical common ancestor