Tongue and floor of mouth

Question 1

what is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

alveolar/dental arches of mandible & maxilla

Question 2

what is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity?

Answer 2

oropharangeal isthmus - space bounded laterally by palatoglossal folds

Question 3

what is the roof of the oral cavity?

Answer 3

hard palate & soft palate

Question 4

what is the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 4

tongue, muscles of floor of mouth

Question 5

what is the buccinator lined with?

Answer 5

lined internally with buccal mucosa and with a papilla for the opening of the duct of the parotid salivary gland – opposite the maxillary second molar tooth

Question 6

what is the buccal sulcus?

Answer 6

deepest part of “cheek” part of vestibule

Question 7

what is the lingual sulcus?

Answer 7

deepest part of area between tongue and teeth

Question 8

what mucosa lines the palate?

Answer 8

mucoperiosteum

Question 9

what is the mucosa that lines the upper surface between the two canines?

Answer 9

upper labial alveolar mucosa (continuous with upper labial mucosa)

Question 10

what is the mucosa that lines the lower surface between the two canines?

Answer 10

lower labial alveolar mucosa

Question 11

what is the mucosa that lines both the upper and lower surfaces that lie distal to the canines?

Answer 11

buccal alveolar mucosa

Question 12

what gives the red gingival its colour?

Answer 12

Epithelium is non keratinised and blood shines through

Question 13

what happens with the epithelium of the gingival is keratinised?

Answer 13

reduces transparency of mucosa so less redness from oxygenated blood shines through

Question 14

what is frenulum?

Answer 14

bands of connective tissue

Question 15

what lies between free and attached gingivae?

Answer 15

free gingival groove

Question 16

what does the free gingival groove correspond to?

Answer 16

the base of the gingival sulcus

Question 17

what structure lies on both bilaterally of the frenulum?

Answer 17

Deep lingual vein

Question 18

what is the opening for the submandibular gland and where is it found?

Answer 18

sublingual papillae found in the frenulum

Question 19

where are the openings for sublingual salivary glands and where do they empty their contents?

Answer 19

sublingual folds

Question 20

what muscles make up the floor of the mouth?

Answer 20

• anterior belly of digastric
• left and right mylohyoid muscles
• left and right geniohyoid

Question 21

what glands are found when the mylohyoid muscle is reflected?

Answer 21

sublingual gland

submandibular gland

Question 22

which of the two glands is more anterior?

Answer 22

sublingual gland

Question 23

what sits superiorly to the lingual nerve (Vc)?

Answer 23

submandibular duct

Question 24

Describe innervation of the submandibular glands?

Answer 24

the chorda tympani is a branch of VII which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibres and it hitches a ride on the lingual nerve to reach the submandibular ganglion where it synapses and then carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 25

what is the function of the tongue?

Answer 25

• formation of a food bolus
• pushing the food bolus to the posterior part of the oral cavity ready to be swallowed
• keeping mouth clean
• speech
• tasting and sensing the food

Question 26

what divides the posterior 1/3 and the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 26

terminal sulcus

Question 27

what foramen lies at the terminal sulcus?

Answer 27

foramen caecum

Question 28

what is the foramen caecum

Answer 28

Formed from the thyroid gland as thyroid gland starts of higher when your younger and moves don’t and passes through the foramen and is then maintained

Question 29

what supplies the general sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 29

CN IX

Question 30

what supplies general sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 30

CN V3 (lingual nerve)

Question 31

what supplies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of there tongue?

Answer 31

CN VII

Question 32

what are the 4 papillae on the tongue and what do they sense?

Answer 32

• vallate papillae- bitter taste
• foliate papillae- sour taste
• fungiform papillae- sweet and salty taste
• filliform papillae- general sensation

Question 33

what anterior papillae is not supplied by CN VII?

Answer 33

vallate papillae is supplied by CN IX

Question 34

what route does the hypoglossal take?

Answer 34

Passes between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein lying on the carotid sheath.
After passing deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, it passes to the submandibular region,
Passes lateral to the hyoglossus muscle then deep to mylohyoid to reach the tongue

Question 35

Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 35

intrinsic muscles originate & insert within the tongue

extrinsic muscles originate outwith the tongue and insert into it

Question 36

what is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 36

alter the shape of the tongue –longitudinal muscles: make tongue short & thick
-transverse & vertical muscles: make tongue long & narrow

Question 37

what are the 4 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 37

• styloglossus
• palatoglossus
• genioglossus
• hyoglossus

Question 38

what is the only muscle not supplied by CN XII and what is it supplied by?

Answer 38

palatoglossus - CN X (vagus nerve)

Question 39

what is the main muscle of the tongue?

Answer 39

genioglossus

Question 40

how do you clinically test CN XII?

Answer 40

-Ask your patient to ‘stick their tongue straight out’
-If both CN XIIs are normal, the tongue tip should stick out and remain in the midline
- If one CN XII is damaged, the tongue tip will
point towards the side of the injured nerve

Question 41

what are the functions of the oral cavity?

Answer 41

-preparation of food bolus for swallowing
mastication (teeth and muscles of mastication)
saliva
the tongue

-defence against ingestion of toxins/infection
“tonsils” (lymphoid tissue)
special sense of taste

-speech
“oral” and “nasal” sounds (the soft palate)
articulation (making the sounds of speech) - tongue/lips