Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

Question 1

what make up the external nose?

Answer 1

• root
• dorsum
• apex(tip)
• ala
• nares(nostril)
• septum
• philtrum (upper lip)

Question 2

what makes the roof of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 2

cribriform plate and crista galli (+anterior cranial fossa)

Question 3

what makes up lateral wall of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 3

superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells, orbital plate of ethmoid (+inferior conchae)

Question 4

what makes up the septum?

Answer 4

perpendicular plate of ethmoid + vomer

Question 5

what is the problem with le fort II and III if they distrust the cribifrom plate of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 5

danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

Question 6

what makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity ?

Answer 6

• vomer
• septal (hyaline cartilage)
• perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 7

what makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

• frontal bone
• nasal bone
• anterior cranial fossa
• palatine bone
• maxilla

Question 8

what are the 3 types of mucosa of the nasal cavities?

Answer 8

1) keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
2) respiratory epithelium
3) olfactory mucosa

Question 9

what modality is the olfactory Nerve?

Answer 9

special sensory

Question 10

Describe receptor cells

Answer 10

pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
in olfactory mucosa
1st neurones in chain

Question 11

Describe the olfactory bulb

Answer 11

ganglion

cell bodies of 2nd neurones

Question 12

where does the olfactory tract end?

Answer 12

Ends in temporal lobe

Question 13

where is the olfactory bulb found?

Answer 13

lateral and medial side of nose

Question 14

what nerves supplies the lateral wall and the septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

• ophthalmic (CN V1)

- Maxillary (CN V2)

Question 15

what supplies the anterosuperiorly area of the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

-Ophthalmic (CN V1)

Question 16

what supplies the posterioinferiorly area of the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

maxillary (CN V2)

Question 17

what branch of V1 supplies the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of nasocillary nerve

Question 18

what is the blood supply to the nasal cavities?

Answer 18

• facial from external carotid (via lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery)
• maxillary from external carotid (via sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries)
• ophthalmic artery from internal carotid (via anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries)

Question 19

what makes up kiesselbachs (littles) area?

Answer 19

-an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum of

Question 20

what is an epistaxis?

Answer 20

nosebleeds

Question 21

what two conchae are part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 21

superior and middle

Question 22

what conchae is its own bone?

Answer 22

inferior

Question 23

what meatuses are found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 23

• sphenoethmoidal recess found between ethmoid and sphenoid bone
• superior meatus found under superior concha
• middle meatus found under middle concha
• inferior meatus found under inferior concha

Question 24

what are the functions of the nasal cavities?

Answer 24

• Filters air of particulate material (vibrissae = small hairs)
• Humidifies air (glands)
• Warms inspired air in the nasal passage (blood)
• Sense of smell as air passes over the olfactory epithelium

Question 25

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

• 1 frontal bone (x2 frontal sinuses and separated by bony septum)
• 2 maxillae (x2 maxillary sinuses)
• 1 ethmoid bone (x2 sets ethmoidal air cells)
• 1 sphenoid bone (x1 or x2 sphenoidal sinuses)

Question 26

what lines the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 26

mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 27

what is the function of mucous?

Answer 27

mucous drains into nasal cavities via ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

Question 28

where does the frontal sinus drain into?

Answer 28

middle meatus

Question 29

where does ethmoidal cells drain?

Answer 29

superior and middle meatuses

Question 30

where does the sphenoidal sinus drains into?

Answer 30

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 31

where does lacrimal fluid drain?

Answer 31

anterior aspect of inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

Question 32

what are the causes of inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 32

• infection
• allergy
• autoimmune issues