Growth and development of skull Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for a baby skull?

A

Neonate

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2
Q

what allows the moulding of the neonate skull?

A
  • wide sutures
  • fontanelles (soft spots)
  • thin deformable bones of neurocranium
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3
Q

What parts of the neonate skull show minimal development?

A
  • non-essential parts
  • small jaws
  • small nose
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4
Q

what is pelvic inlet?

A

transverse diameter wider than AP diameter

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5
Q

what is pelvic outlet?

A

AP diameter wider than transverse

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6
Q

what are is the ratio of the skull to the face in the neonate skull and adult skull?

A

neonate 8:1

adult 2.5 :1

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7
Q

What are the two types of ossification?

A
  • intramembranous- begins to ossify during fatal period, beings at centre of ossification and grows outward
  • endochondral- cartilaginous bone formation where bone replaces the cartilage and starts at primary ossification centre
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8
Q

What parts of the skull are formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

flat bones of the skull e.g. frontal parietal and are easily modified by environmental factors

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9
Q

what parts of the skull are formed by endochondral ossification?

A

The bones of the base of the skull that support the brain i.e ethmoid , sphenoid

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10
Q

What is hydrocephaly?

A

when brain grows within cranial cavity and lifts the membrane bones ( frontal) and so applies tension to the sutures between the bones which stimulates bone formation at sutures.

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11
Q

What is spheno-ethmoidal synchondrosis?

A

cartilaginous joint between the sphenoid and ethmoid bones and closes at age 6

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12
Q

what is spheno-occipital synchondrosis?

A

cartilaginous joint between sphenoid and occipital bone which becomes active after birth and closes at adolescence

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13
Q

What is meant by diploe?

A
  • outer layer is compact bone
  • light cancellous bone
  • inner layer is compact bone
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14
Q

How does diploe help protect the brain?

A

Trauma to outer bone will fracture it but cancellous bone will absorb and spread the trauma to stop it effecting the brain

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15
Q

What happens when there is blows to the maxillary region?

A

thin walls crumple and le fort fractures

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16
Q

What happens when there is blows to the mandible region?

A

the dense bone helps absorb force and fractures

17
Q

during masticatory forces, what parts does the mandible and maxilla play?

A

mandibule- dense bone , spreads force

maxilla- dissipates force onto neurocranium to prevent fracture

18
Q

What is the main role of the buttress system?

A

force dispersal

19
Q

what happens in the buttress system?

A

During high masticatory forces, thickened areas of bone transmit forces away from areas of thinner bone (bypassing nasal and orbital cavities)

20
Q

What occurs from edentulous changes?

A

after tooth loss, alveolar processes reabsorb