Cervical fascia

Question 1

What are the 2 layers of the skin?

Answer 1

• epidermis (epithelium)

- dermis (dense connective tissue)

Question 2

What are the 2 layers of fascia?

Answer 2

• superficial fascia

- deep fascia

Question 3

What is the difference between the epidermis and dermis?

Answer 3

The epidermis doesn’t have a nerve or blood supply but the dermis is packed full of blood vessels and nerves

Question 4

What is the deep fascia made up of?

Answer 4

tubes that run between and connect the superior mediastinum to the base of the skull and each tube surrounds anatomical structures

Question 5

What is superficial neck fascia made of and what does it contain?

Answer 5

Adipose connective tissue and contains sensory nerves, platysma muscles, blood vessels(superficial veins) and lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph nodes

Question 6

What cervical spinal nerves intertwine to form the cervical plexus?

Answer 6

C2,C3 and C4

Question 7

What spinal nerves make up the great auricular nerve?

Answer 7

C2,C3

Question 8

What spinal nerves make up the transverse cervical nerve?

Answer 8

C2,3

Question 9

what spinal nerves make up the lesser occipital nerve?

Answer 9

C2

Question 10

what spinal nerve makes up the supraclavicular nerves?

Answer 10

C3,4

Question 11

Where is the nerve point of the neck?

Answer 11

Where the cervical plexus nerves go deep, posterior to the middle of sternocleidomastoid muscles posterior border

Question 12

What is platysma and where is it located?

Answer 12

• the muscles of facial expression

- located in the superficial fascia of the face and neck

Question 13

What nerve are the platysma supplied by?

Answer 13

Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

Question 14

Where do superficial veins of the neck lie?

Answer 14

Within the superficial fascia of the neck

Question 15

What are the superficial jugular veins called?

Answer 15

• the right and left external jugular veins
• the right and left anterior jugular veins
• the right and left superficial jugular communicating veins

Question 16

What muscle in the neck does the external jugular vein pass over?

Answer 16

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 17

What joins together to give the common facial vein?

Answer 17

Anterior retromandibular and facial vein

Question 18

What is the deep cervical fascia made of?

Answer 18

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of dee cervical fascia?

Answer 19

• investing layer
• pretracheal layer
• prevertebral layer(includes carotid sheath

Question 20

What specific structures does the investing layer surround?

Answer 20

Left and right trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

What splits superiorly to enclose the submandibular and parotid salivary glands?

Answer 21

The investing layer of deep fascia

Question 22

What nerve goes deep to the investing layer to both the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

Answer 22

Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

Question 23

What are the 2 parts of the pre tracheal layer and what does each enclose?

Answer 23

• visceral (organ) part which enclose the thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus
• muscular part that encloses the “strap” muscles

Question 24

What does the prevertebral layer enclose?

Answer 24

• It encloses the postural muscles and the cervical vertebrae
• including two separate tubes of fascia- the left and right carotid sheath

Question 25

What does the carotid sheath connect?

Answer 25

It connects the superior mediastinum to the jugular foramina and carotid canals in the base of the skull

Question 26

Where does the carotid sheath lie?

Answer 26

Between the investing ,pretracheal and pre vertebral layers of deep fascia

Question 27

What major vessels and nerves does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 27

-internal jugular veins
-carotid arteries
-the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X )
the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes and lymphatics

Question 28

What does the pre tracheal fascia change its name to when the trachea is no longer present?

Answer 28

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 29

What is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 29

The space between pretracheal and pre vertebral fascia