Cervical fascia Flashcards
What are the 2 layers of the skin?
- epidermis (epithelium)
- dermis (dense connective tissue)
What are the 2 layers of fascia?
- superficial fascia
- deep fascia
What is the difference between the epidermis and dermis?
The epidermis doesn’t have a nerve or blood supply but the dermis is packed full of blood vessels and nerves
What is the deep fascia made up of?
tubes that run between and connect the superior mediastinum to the base of the skull and each tube surrounds anatomical structures
What is superficial neck fascia made of and what does it contain?
Adipose connective tissue and contains sensory nerves, platysma muscles, blood vessels(superficial veins) and lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph nodes
What cervical spinal nerves intertwine to form the cervical plexus?
C2,C3 and C4
What spinal nerves make up the great auricular nerve?
C2,C3
What spinal nerves make up the transverse cervical nerve?
C2,3
what spinal nerves make up the lesser occipital nerve?
C2
what spinal nerve makes up the supraclavicular nerves?
C3,4
Where is the nerve point of the neck?
Where the cervical plexus nerves go deep, posterior to the middle of sternocleidomastoid muscles posterior border
What is platysma and where is it located?
- the muscles of facial expression
- located in the superficial fascia of the face and neck
What nerve are the platysma supplied by?
Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
Where do superficial veins of the neck lie?
Within the superficial fascia of the neck
What are the superficial jugular veins called?
- the right and left external jugular veins
- the right and left anterior jugular veins
- the right and left superficial jugular communicating veins
What muscle in the neck does the external jugular vein pass over?
Sternocleidomastoid
What joins together to give the common facial vein?
Anterior retromandibular and facial vein
What is the deep cervical fascia made of?
Fibrous connective tissue
What are the 3 layers of dee cervical fascia?
- investing layer
- pretracheal layer
- prevertebral layer(includes carotid sheath
What specific structures does the investing layer surround?
Left and right trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
What splits superiorly to enclose the submandibular and parotid salivary glands?
The investing layer of deep fascia
What nerve goes deep to the investing layer to both the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
What are the 2 parts of the pre tracheal layer and what does each enclose?
- visceral (organ) part which enclose the thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus
- muscular part that encloses the “strap” muscles
What does the prevertebral layer enclose?
- It encloses the postural muscles and the cervical vertebrae
- including two separate tubes of fascia- the left and right carotid sheath
What does the carotid sheath connect?
It connects the superior mediastinum to the jugular foramina and carotid canals in the base of the skull
Where does the carotid sheath lie?
Between the investing ,pretracheal and pre vertebral layers of deep fascia
What major vessels and nerves does the carotid sheath contain?
-internal jugular veins
-carotid arteries
-the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X )
the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes and lymphatics
What does the pre tracheal fascia change its name to when the trachea is no longer present?
Buccopharyngeal fascia
What is the retropharyngeal space?
The space between pretracheal and pre vertebral fascia
