The pterygopalatine fossa Flashcards
what causes hay fever?
-acute inflammation of nasal mucosa: dilated blood vessels
-activation of “ganglion of hayfever” (pterygopalatine ganglion)
nasal glands secrete mucus
lacrimal gland produces tears
where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?
- beneath the apex of the orbital cone
- anterior to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
- posterior to the maxilla
- medial to the infratemporal fossa
- lateral to the postero-superior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
what does the pterygopaltine fossa communicate with?
-the orbit- via inferior orbital fissure (anteriorly)
-the middle cranial fossa-via foramen rotundum & pterygoid canal (posteriorly)
-the infratemporal fossa
via pterygomaxillary fissure (laterally)
-the nasal cavity
via sphenopalatine foramen (medially)
what comes from pterygopalatine fossa to nasal cavity?
sphenopalatine foramen
where is the sphenopalatine foreman found?
in lateral wall of nasal cavity, between body of sphenoid & perpendicular plate of palatine bone
what does the pterygopalatine fossa contain?
- terminal 1/3rd of the maxillary artery
- CN Vb
- pterygopalatine ganglion (“ganglion of hayfever”)
what is the continuation of the maxillary artery?
sphenopalatine artery
what supplies the molars?
posterior superior alveolar artery
what supplies the anterior teeth?
anterior superior alveolar artery
what supplies the premolars?
middle superior alveolar artery
what nerve passes through the spehnopalatine fossa with the spehnopalatine artery?
nasopalatine nerve
what is the nerve supply to the anterior part of the nasal cavity?
anterior ethmoidal branch of nasocilliary (CN V1)
what supplies the posterior part of the nasal cavity?
- lateral wall - lateral nasal branches of greater palatine nerve (V2)
- septum- nasopalatine nerve (V2)
what is the terminal branch of V2?
infraorbital
what does the internal carotid nerve carry?
post ganglionic sympathetic fibres into the deep petrosal nerve
what does the greater petrosal nerve (branch of CN VII) carry?
Pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibres
what does the deep petrosal nerve (extension of plexus) carry?
post ganglion sympathetic fibres
what nerve is a combination of the greater petrosal and deep petrosal?
nerve of the pterygoid canal
where do pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibres synspase?
pterygopalatine ganglion (of hay fever)
what does not synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
post ganglionic sympathetic fibres
where do post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres come from?
in the internal carotid plexus from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
what bone does the greater petrosal nerve run over?
petrous temporal bone
what are secretomotor fibres distributed to?
mucous glands of palate & nose and lacrimal gland
what supplies post ganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland?
the lacrimal nerve (V1) and the communicating branch of the zygomatic nerve (V2)
what are the branches from the pterygopaltine ganglion?
-zygomatic nerve (carrying parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from VII to lacrimal gland)
-lateral nasal (to mucous membrane of lateral wall of nasal cavity)
-nasopalatine nerve
(to nasal septum)
- greater palatine nerve (to hard palate)
-lesser palatine nerve (to soft palate)
-nerve of pterygoid canal
-deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic fibres from carotid plexus)
-greater petrosal nerve (parasympathetic fibres from CN VII)
what does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (Vb) give general sensation to?
- Mid-face skin
- Maxillary teeth & gingivae
- Mucosa of maxillary sinus
- Walls of nasal cavity
- Hard and soft palate
what other function does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (Vb)?
Distributes Sympathetic & Parasympathetic (CN VII) secretomotor fibres from pterygopalatine ganglion to:
- Lacrimal gland
- Mucous glands of nasal cavity
- Minor salivary glands of the palate
