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Z-Anatomy > Pharynx -additional to slide 9 and 10- gag reflex > Flashcards

Pharynx -additional to slide 9 and 10- gag reflex Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Space that connects the nose and mouth above to the larynx and oesophagus below involved in breaching, speech,coughing etc

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2
Q

What does it protect against?

A

Inhalation of solids / liquids into lungs

Fragments of teeth, amalgam material, dental tools, orthodontic appliances

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3
Q

what 3 areas of the pharynx are there?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • larngopharynx
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4
Q

what makes up the respiratory tract?

A

nasal cavity
oral cavity
larynx
trachea

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5
Q

what makes up the alimentary tract?

A

oral cavity

oesophagus

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6
Q

what are the layers from left to right from the pharynx to the vertebrae?

A
  • pharynx
  • pharyngeal muscle
  • buccopharnygeal fascia
  • retropharyngeal space
  • alar fascia
  • retropharyngeal space
  • prevertebral fascia
  • prevertebral muscle
  • longitudinal ligament
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7
Q

what 2 types of muscles are found in the pharynx?

A

circular

longitudinal

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8
Q

what areas of the circular muscles are there?

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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9
Q

how do the 3 areas of the circular muscles move food down?

A

-contract sequentially

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the circular muscles?

A

Innervated by CN X - pharyngeal plexus

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11
Q

where do the circular muscles insert?

A

midline raphe

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12
Q

where does the superior circular muscles attach from the midline raphe to?

A
  • pterygoid hamulus
  • pterygomandibular raphe
  • mylohyoid line
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13
Q

where does the middle circular muscles attach from the midline raphe to?

A

greater horn of hyoid

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14
Q

where does the inferior circular muscles attach from the midline raphe to?

A
  • thyroid cartilage (oblique line)

- cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

what is the space between superior and middle circular muscles?

A

gateway to the mouth

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16
Q

what is found in the gateway to the mouth?

A
  • CN IX
  • Lingual artery
  • Stylopharyngeus muscle
17
Q

what are the 3 longitudinal muscles?

A
  • stylopharyngues
  • palatopharyngeus
  • saplingopharyngeus
18
Q

what route does the stylopharyngess take?

A

from the styloid process and passes through ‘gateway to the mouth’ with the glossopharyngeal nerve

19
Q

what is the only muscle supplied by the CN IX?

A

stylopharyngeus

20
Q

where do all 3 longitudinal muscles insert?

A

posterior border of thyroid cartilage

21
Q

what action does the longitudinal muscles do?

A

elevate pharynx and larynx

22
Q

what muscles does the CN X supply?

A
  • palatopharyngeus

- salpingopharyngeus

23
Q

what muscles does the CN IX supply?

A

stylopharyngeus

24
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

nerve fibres derived from CN IX and CN X, sympathetic axons (from sympathetic trunk) and parasympathetic axons

25
Q

what is the motor supply to the pharynx?

A 
all supplied by CN X via pharyngeal plexus 
except stylopharyngeus (CN IX)
26
Q

what is the sensory supply to the pharynx?

A

Mucosa is mainly supplied by:

  • CN IX
  • CN V2 in parts of nasopharynx
  • CN X in parts of laryngopharynx
27
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the nasopharynx?

A
  • CN V2 – just anterior and superior to auditory tube

- CN IX

28
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the oropharynx?

A

-CN IX

includes tonsillar fossa and posterior tongue

29
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the laryngopharynx?

A
  • CN IX – just superior to epiglottis

- CN X

30
Q

what is a gag reflex?

A

protective reflex

31
Q

what happens during a gag reflex?

A

Stimulates sensory nerve fibres of CN IX:

  • posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • tonsils
  • walls of oropharynx (also nasopharynx and auditory tube/middle ear)
  • Tries to close off oropharynx
32
Q

what muscles are involved in a gag reflex?

A
  • constrictors of pharynx (CN X)
  • longitudinal muscles of pharynx (CN IX and X)
  • tongue and soft palate
33
Q

what are the 4 steps of swallowing?

A

1) Food bolus squeezed to back of mouth and tongue against palate
2) Nasopharynx closed off,
Larynx elevated,Pharynx enlarged to receive bolus
3) Pharyngeal constrictors contract sequentially, Epiglottis deflects bolus
4) Bolus moves into oesophagus

Z-Anatomy (25 decks)

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